Study On Some Of The Kse Concepts Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3144 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Ans. Trading in the future market offers an opportunity to the investor to invest in securities other than stocks. Investing in the futures market has a number of advantages. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Study On Some Of The Kse Concepts Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Firstly, instruments in the futures market are considered highly leveraged investments. The investor can earn alot from it by only investing a small amount. For instance, the investor will only have to pay 10% of the value of the contract and might earn much higher than it. In order to be profitable in the futures market, the investor must also be aware of the price fluctuations in the market; if he does so then he can earn ten times more than the amount invested by him. Another advantage of trading in the futures market is that it is a paper investment. Although it involves trading of different kinds of commodities because it is a paper investment so it does not face the problem of transferability. Instead of the commodities the contracts keep changing hands. The investor then does not need to worry about the storage of the commodities as well. High liquidity of future contracts is another benefit of trading in the futures market. This means that it is easy to buy and sell or order the contracts as they are being traded on a daily basis. There is a large number of buyers and sellers available for the contracts whatever the commodities may be. Some other advantages of investing in future contracts are that it enjoys fairer trading than stocks and shares. Because it is difficult to make predictions about the futures market it results in price manipulation in the stocks market. The commission charged on future contracts is also low than other markets. Depending on the level of service provided, the broker can earn as low as Rs.50 or as high as Rs.500 per transaction. The investor can money quickly in the futures market as the market is fast-moving than the cash market. But this can also be a disadvantage for the investor if he is not able to make the right prediction he can suffer quick losses as well. 2.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Discuss in detail the characteristics of three mutual funds of a single investment company (for example, AKD is an investment company and more than 4 mutual funds) Ans. AL-MEEZAN INVESTMENT MANGEMENT LIMITED: Joint venture of Meezan Bank and Pak Kuwait Investment Company (PKIC), Al-Meezan investment limited is registered with SECP and provides shariah compliant investment solutions. It majors in investment management i.e. floating and managing mutual funds and shariah based investment advisory. MEEZAN ISLAMIC INCOME FUND: It is the countrys first ever Shariah compliant Bomd fund. It invests in a diversified portfolio of Islamic investment instruments like Sukook bonds, Morabaha and Musharika instruments, certificates of Islamic investments etc and provides provides the investors capital gains as well as regular income. CHARACTERISTICS: Aimed at preserving capital through intelligent fund management Aims at providing, income consistently which is halal and strictly monitored and approved by Shariah Advisors Minimum intial investment of Rs. 5000 and Rs. 1000 subsequent investment amount at regular intervals Readily encas hable units throughout the year Offers tax benefit of Rs. 60,000 for salaried person and of Rs. 75,000 for non-salaried person on investments held for one year Lower risk and competitive return on the investment as a result of diversification of portfolio Till June 30, 2008, the fund size increased by 4889%, net assets stood at Rs. 5737m, and cumulative return was 14.06% MEEZAN CASH FUND: CHARACTERISTICS: Pakistans first ever Shariah compliant money market fund Rated AA(f) by JCR-VIS Provides maximum preservation of capital invested Can be easily cashed within 2 working days Involves no commission neither front-end nor back-end Risk of investing long-term fixed income instruments and stock market Ideal for short-term investments Flexible monthly, quarterly, or semi-annual based payments Healthy tax-free returns Provides a tax benefit of upto Rs. 60,000 in case of salaried person and Rs. 75,000 in case of non-salaried person MEEZAN ISLA MIC FUND: CHARCTERISTICS: Largest equity fund in the private sector as well as the largest Shariah compliant equity fund By investing in a large size of portfolio of securities it not only reduces the risk of price volatility but also the research and execution costs. The task of monitoring and evaluation of investment is handled by the fund mangers, who are trained investment professionals This fund also provides a tax benefit of Rs. 60,000 for salaried person or Rs. 75,000 for self-employed person on investments held for one year Provides an impressive return on the investment It is an affordable investment for small investors with a minimum investment of Rs. 5000 3.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Discuss how margin financing works at KSE? (the detailed method of where the funds are obtained from and how funds are then lent to investors ) Ans. Margin financing is a system to fund the investors, in which loan is extended to them uptil a certain limit. If the investors are short of money to purchase shares, they can get a loan for it from the stock broker. If the broker has that amount of amount he gives the loan to the investor at a specific interest rate. If not, then he acts as a middleman between the financer and the financee. The financee can be any financially sound company or an individual, who will lend the money at badla rate. In badla transactions the stock broker and the financial institution make an exchange of specific number of shares at a specific rate. But in whatever way the investor is financed, the loan is extended to him uptil a certain limit called margin. Margin specifies the limit upto which the investor can borrow funds. MARGIN = EQUITY / TOTAL PURCHASE PRICE Previously, the leverage product being used in KSE was called CFS MK-II (Continuous Funding System Mark II) which has now been modi fied as named as Margin Funding. The difference between international and locally practiced margin financing is that in the international MF it does not involve any middlemen, instead the banks or lenders bear the whole risk. 4.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  What is KMI index, how it is formed and why it was introduced? Ans. KMI-30 (Karachi Meezan Index) is the first Islamic index of Pakistan. It was formed by KSE (Karachi Stock Exchange) and Al-Meezan Investment Management Limited in September 2008 on the 1st of Ramazan. The reason for establishing an Islamic index in the country was to provide a suitable benchmark to the investors on their Shariah compliant investments. The KMI-30 index comprises of 30 shariah compliant companies included on the basis of free-float, which qualify the shariah screening criteria. It is a total return index which is maintained by KSE. While the Meezan company, contributes in the shariah expertise, screening, and guideline skills in the activities. The Shariah Board of Al-Meezan Investment Company is headed by the renowned scholar Justice (R) Mufti M. Taqi Usmani. The KMI index has been very successful and in the previous year, it gained top position in the world indices by delivering 107.4% dollar-based returns.  5.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  What is KSE 100 index? Discuss what does increase of decrease in points mean? Ans. KSE-100 is a stock index which acts as a benchmark to compare price at the Karachi Stock Exchange over a period of time. It was established on Nov 1, 1991 and is the most generally accepted measure if the exchange. It comprises of 100 companies with the highest market capitalisation from each sector, in order to ensure maximum market representation. The index moves up or down with the increase or decrease in points. For example, if on one day the total market capitalization at the stock is 1056000 and we consider it equal to 1000 points. Then the base market capitalization would be 1056. The next day the market capitalization moves down to 1047000. It is calculated as, = 1000*MARKET CAPITALIZATION / BASE MARKET CAPITALIZATION So, = 1000*1047000/1056000 = 0.9915 = 991.478 This would mean that the index has fallen from 1000 to 991.478 points i.e. there is a decline of 8.52 points.   6.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Differentiate between KSE 100 index and KSE 30 index? Ans. On the 1st of September, 2006 KSE launched its stock index, the KSE-30 index. This stock index is based on the free-float of shares rather than only market capitalization. The free-float methodology means that it takes into account only the active shares of the stock exchange and not the outstanding shares. Therefore the index at any time reflects the free-float market value of the 30 companies. It provides a benchmark to the shareholders to compare the stock prices over a period of time. Being based on the free-float methodology it is a true representative of the market, unlike the KSE-100 index. The KSE-100 includes the 100 highest market capitalised companies, for this reason even a slightest movement in the price of a company can change the trend of the index. And secondly, the KSE-100 is a total return index which not adjusted for dividends, bonuses or rights but the KSE-30 is adjusted when the company announces to give a dividend.  7.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Summarize the listing rules of KSE which are necessary for a company to get listed on KSE. Ans. A company cannot trade its securities on KSE quotation board or futures counter unless it is listed on KSE. In order to get listed the company shall submit an application to KSE in the prescribed form accompanied with the prescribed fee. The decision about granting permission shall solely be taken by the BOD of KSE within 3 months. If the permission is refused then the company and SECP is informed within 2 weeks. The BOD may relax the regulations if 2/3rd of them are unanimous on it. In case the permission to a company is refused, the application fee shall be refunded within the prescribed time. While considering granting permission the BOD will also take into consideration the publics interest in the company. The company shall be required to provide KSE any additional information, document or declarations as demanded by KSE. If a company does not do so, it shall be refused permission and it can then apply again for permission after 6 months of the refusal. The company permitt ed shall then offer 50% of its capital to public in case its capital is upto Rs.500m and more than 25% or Rs.250m if the capital is beyond Rs.500m. The BOD may relax these requirements depending upon the circumstances. Only those companies shall be eligible for being listed which are: Public companies or enacted companies Have a minimum paid-up capital of Rs.200m Its public offerings has been subscribed by at least 500 applicants The companies shall then submit the prospectus to KSE for clearance before an application for its approval is sent to SECP. After approval KSE shall published the prospectus along with the Performa in newspapers at Lahore, Karachi, Islamabad or at any other any place and the company shall provide KSE with the copies of these documents. After this, the company shall: Accept the application of allotment of shares through the bank Issue the shares of certificates in marketable lots Inform KSE about receiving subscription within 5 working d ays of closure of subscription list Dispatch all shares of certificates within 30 days of closure of subscription list as issued in marketable lots The company shall pay minimum of 1% brokerage fee to KSE members within 30 days of closure of subscription list The signatures of the shareholders shall be verified within 48 hours of request On receiving the shares of transfer the company shall immediately issue receipts and shall not charge transfer fee The company shall keep KSE informed about any corporate decisions or dividends and bonuses and shall hold Annual General Meeting within 4 months of the closing of the financial year.  8.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Discuss theses terms of KSE: Odd-lot, defaulter counter, de-listed companies, provisionally listed companies, future market ODD LOT: In general, odd lot means to trade less than 100 securities in an exchange. At KSE, the investors are provided the facility of an automated market through which the investors can buy or sell securities in bundles less than the number of shares traded on average in the ready market. DEFAULTER COUNTER: Defaulter counter is a mechanism at KSE which shows the names of the companies which were previously listed but for some reason have failed to payout the liabilities and refund the shareholders. No trading takes place in the shares of such companies and in order to punish such companies, KSE throws them out in the defaulter counter, this act puts pressure on the companies to comply with the KSE Listing Regulations. According to these regulations, the money market shall put the company in the defaulter counter if, It has not declared any dividend to the shareholders for 5 consecutive years since the last date of declaration of dividends Has not paid listing fee c ontinuously since 2 years Is about to be liquidated Has not held Annual General Meeting continuously since 3 years Has not joined CDS system after CDC declared its securities to be eligible And has been quoted at a value below 50% of the face value since 3 years The companies that do not comply with these regulations are issued a show cause notice and given time to rectify the error or give reason for the default. DELISTED COMPANIES: Before the defaulter counter mechanism was launched at KSE, the listed companies that did not comply with the KSE Listing Regulations were matched with the regulations and if failed were quietly delisted from the exchange. It had little impact on the companies and the major loss was borne by the shareholders, because of the defaulter counter now the companies try to payout at least some dividend to the shareholders. PROVISIONALLY LISTED COMPANIES: Provisionally listed companies are those, whose shares not already officially li sted at KSE, but they make upto the specified amount of minimum public offering, these shares are traded at the provisionally listed counter. And after the dispatch process of the allotted shares is completed through the CDC, the provisional counter ends and the outstanding transactions are transferred to T+3 counter. On this counter the trading cost of securities is summed and the settlement is made on the third day. FUTURE MARKET: It is a market where future contracts i.e. derivative securities are traded. A contract is made to sell or purchase the securities at a specified price on some future date. The list of companies, to be traded, in the future market are refreshed after every six months under the criteria determined by SECP and the investors are informed in advance. 9.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Can a broker go bankrupt? How? Ans. Brokers are individuals or institutions who buy or sell the shares for the investors and in return charge a commission for the services provided. The commission charged can be high or low, depending on the level of services given. If an investor wants to purchase shares but does not have that amount of money, he can borrow it from the brokerage house. In case, the broker does not have that amount, he borrows money from other brokerage houses or, local or foreign investors. All this settlement takes place through NCCPL (National Clearing Company Pakistan Limited). The settlement process allows a maximum period of 3 days to the brokerage house. Sometimes it happens that the brokers are unable to, both, pay back the other brokerage house or to the financial institutions, in the settlement process and then they are declared bankrupt. The brokerage house has 3 days to make the payment, if still it is not able to do so, it is penalised first and after that it is declared bankrupt . This is the T+3 approach, which means that there are three more days for the payment of cash. 10.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Differentiate between CDC and NCCPL? Remember to give clear cut points of distinctions between the two companies; only discussing their functions  will not serve the purpose.  Ans. There are 3 main players in the capital market of Pakistan i.e. stock exchanges, CDC and NCCPL. All the three participants are trying their best to bring efficiency in the capital market. For this reason they are coming up with innovations, CDC (Central Depository System) is one such system which performs the function of electronic book-entry of shares. It has facilitated, quickened and secured the process of settlement and delivery of shares. This system works under CDC (Central Depository Company), a separate legal entity which is responsible for maintaining and settling the shares of investors. Previously, the settlement and delivery of shares was done manually, it took 2-3 days in settlement after which the shares were mailed to the investor and were faced with the risk of being damaged, faked or duplicated. It was a slow process and was not secure but now it has been replaced by CDS through which the shares are transferred and settled electronically. The settlement proces s involves two steps, the borrower pays the cash and the seller delivers the securities. The first step of settlement of cash is performed by NCCPL (National Clearing Company Pakistan Limited), while the second step is performed by CDC. NCCPL maintains and settles the accounts of brokerage houses. Any exchange of cash between the brokerage houses is done through NCCPL. It has replaced the three individual clearing houses of stock exchanges and now all brokerage houses are registered with NCCPL. It is a separate legal entity which was formed to operate NCSS (National Clearing and Settlement System). It performs the clearing and settlement functions for brokerage houses and charges a commission from them. In the previous years when NCCPL was not formed, the clearing process took a long time and the probability of default of the brokerage houses was high. Whenever an investor of one brokerage house wants to buy or sell shares from an investor of another brokerage house. It takes place through both NCCPL and CDC. First of all the brokerage house makes cash transaction whose accounts are settled through NCCPL. The moment this is done, CDC is electronically informed through KATS (Karachi Automated Trading System) and the shares are settled and transferred in the investors account. Every investor is required to open an account with CDC, when an investor opens an account with the brokerage house; his sub-account is automatically opened with CDC. Through KATS CDC comes to know the origin of the transaction. 11.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Discuss at least 3 internet website from which you can obtain historical share prices data. Also tell the steps in which you can do so? Ans. Historical shares price data can be obtained from the following 3 websites: lahorestock.com/ cnbcpakistan.com globalfinancialdata.com. On the Lahore stock exchange website, scroll on the Market Information tab and click on Market History in the drop-down menu. It will open the webpage for historical share prices On the CNBC website, click on the Market Watch tab and then click on the History tab. On the Global Financial Data website, first of all you will need to log in. After that in the GFD filter search given on the left pane of the main page, enter the relevant information and it will provide you with historic share price information about any company listed in the KSE.

The Plaza ( Jose Marti Memorial ) - 1032 Words

Mostly known for its revolutionary heritage, Cuba is a large island found in the Caribbean and largely remains a mystery to most people who have never ventured into the country. If it has always been in your bucket list, you should know that you are in for a treat with its places that speak of a rich history, beauty, diversity and a range of activities such as fishing, diving and a an entertaining nightlife. Below are some of the places that will offer you the time of your life in the country. 1. Revolucion of the Plaza (Jose Marti Memorial),Havana The Revolucion of the Plaza should be the first stop for lovers or students of history interested in the country. In the middle, features a gray tower, 109 meters in height, a memorial of Jose Marti who was a Cuban national hero. To get a better view , you can ascend to the top of Havana city,which is the capital city of the country. Beneath the monument is the Memorial of Jose Marti that is the home of a museum on the hero. The square claims its place in history as the place where the country’s former president the late Fidel Castro delivered speeches to vast audiences that sometimes attracted large crowds of more than one million people. In 1998, the late pope John Paul II celebrated mass there. 2. Santa Clara Located in the Villa Clara province, Santa Clara boosts cultural interactions that are rich and that will amaze anybody who is there to have a good time. The fact that it is a university town making it vibrant as well.Show MoreRelated10 Best Places Visit Of Cuba1090 Words   |  5 Pagesthe country. 1. Plaza de la Revolucion (Jose Marti Memorial), Havana The Plaza de la Revolucion should be the first stop for lovers or students of history interested in the country. The center of the Plaza de la Revolucion features a gray tower, 109 meters in height, a memorial of Jose Marti who was a Cuban national hero. You can ascend the tower to get better view of the city of Havana, which is the capital city of the country. Beneath the monument is the Jose Marti Memorial that is the home

Total Quality Management Within an Organization Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Total Qulity Management In Goodyear. Answer: Introduction Total quality management (TQM) ensures that every staff within an organization commits to sustaining high standard work taking into operational considerations of the organization. This report provides a brief of the total quality management in Goodyear Tyre highlighting successful application of TQM within the company. Problems within the organization are also assessed evaluating TQM strategies to mitigate them. Finally, the report provides recommendations to sustain TQM that will help the company to maximize profit. Total quality management in Goodyear Tyre Total quality management in Goodyear Tyre has enabled the organization to improve approximately 12% advancing to reduction in energy rates by 15% in upcoming 5 years. Advanced global data management system has been incorporated alongside TQM to track water and energy usage in real time (Goodyear.com 2017). Figure 1: Global energy use (Source: Goodyear.com 2017) Figure 2: Global water use (Source: Goodyear.com 2017) Figure 3: Global GHG emissions (Source: Goodyear.com 2017) Incorporating energy efficient and eco friendly programs, Goodyear Tyre has successfully increased its revenue to US$ 18.138 billion since 2014. Figure 4: TQM factors (Source: Influenced by the idea of Shah 2013) Continuous improvement Improvement of each area of Goodyear Tyre is highlighted by increased non-tire products, which includes industrial hose, conveyor belts, airsprings, power transmission, medical application synthetic rubbers etc. that helped the company to excel in competitive market. Employees of According to Ross (1999), Goodyear Tyre carry a mission statement of credit-card size that focuses in improvement of services and products for meeting customer needs. Investors and employees through this mission statement enabled the business to sustain prosperity in automotive and commercial products. Customer focus Goodyear designs its tyres according to customer needs. Goodyear Eagle 360 is designed for ensuring safety and enhanced driving experience for cars and its intelliGrip design provides added traction on road to prevent skidding during rainy season. Pricing of these tyres are also economical keeping in mind budget of customers (Oakland, 2014). Prevention Dale (2015) stated that Goodyear focuses on preventing poor quality products rather eliminating defects. Due to enhanced checking and quality control team, Goodyear has increased its logistics, research and development along with procurement process aligning with objectives to provide defect free products. Universal responsibility Goodyear Tyre faced a serious issue in revenue and suffered loss during 2010s. However, TQM enabled the firm to adopt a policy that resulted to maximize profit. Oakland (2014) commented that the manufacturing units of tyre were based in USA with high labor cost. Goodyear relocated its manufacturing units overseas to countries having low labor and manufacturing cost. Thus, it saved cost of manufacturing and invested the money in development of business. Goodyear Tyre transferred approximately 50% of its global capacity to countries having low cost by 2012 (Goodyear.com 2017). Conclusion TQM enabled Goodyear Tyre to overcome challenges of globalization and develop its progress through continuous growth that enabled the organization to provide customer satisfaction. Preventing poor quality products through thorough inspection besides the strategy to outsource its manufacturing units highlights the TQM competency of Goodyear Tyre. Recommendations Figure 5: Recommendations (Source: Created by the author) Track TQM records It is recommended to Goodyear Tyre to track TQM records of responsiveness to environment applied by TQM to ease its implementation. Management audits should be carried out precisely and accurately to create a database from where important information can be pooled during need. Employee motivation Employees should be motivated by HR and relevant managers on a regular basis to enhance innovation within the organization. References Dale, B., 2015.Total quality management. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Goodyear.com, 2017, Goodyear Tyre [online], Available at: https://www.goodyear.com/en-US/international?expand=in [Accessed 26 Mar 2017] Oakland, J.S., 2014.Total quality management and operational excellence: text with cases. Routledge. Ross, J.E. and Perry, S., 1999.Total quality management: Text, cases, and readings. CRC Press. Shah, M.J., 2013. Globalisation impact of total quality management (TQM) staretgy in the Indian banking sector, International Journal of Transformations in Business Management, 3(4), pp. 1-5

Mean Ladies Transgendered Villains in Disney Films Essay Example

Mean Ladies: Transgendered Villains in Disney Films Essay The roles of men and women differentiate in societies. Men are often known for their masculinity and strength, women for their fragile character and beauty. Likewise, in Disney movies, the image of men and females characters shows an enormous impact on audiences. In her â€Å" Mean Ladies† article, Amanda Putnam emphasizes how Disney movies affect viewers with an expression of gender roles in characters. As a matter of fact, Putnam brings an example of her daughters claimsaying: â€Å" I want to watch one without a mean lady.† Fairly, Disney movies are all highly captured, where takes the person to the world of dreams and imaginations, yet most scenarios are filled with evil women against other good.According to Putnam, Disney films are firmly hyper-heterosexual, where characters fall in love, get married and often live happily dancing and singing. Hence, there are many characters in Disney movies that portrayed with the distinct pattern of appearance and behavior. Furt hermore, Putnam makes an explicit claim that behind that happy heterosexism, lies more of a villains displaying transgendered attributes. The transgendered attributes in Disney show women with either high masculine qualities or with strange physical buildups. Conforming to Putnam’s article, many audiences who watch Disney movies are children, and that can set back them of how they capture gender roles or the appearance appreciation of one better than the other. Moreover, Putnam admits â€Å"the bounder-crossing of sexroles occurs in many Disney films, most notably in the Princess series.† Her claim is right to the point when we look closely at Disney movies with princesses. As an example of princesses who show great internal and external beauty Cinderella, Belle, Tiana, Snow White, etc. are always ahead in mind of each audience. Hence, as Putnam asserts the stepmother and stepsisters in Cinderella series, Ursula in The Little Mermaid, have a very abnormal internal We will write a custom essay sample on Mean Ladies: Transgendered Villains in Disney Films specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mean Ladies: Transgendered Villains in Disney Films specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mean Ladies: Transgendered Villains in Disney Films specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Damn the Fates - the question of Free Will.

Damn the Fates - the question of Free Will. D.T. Suzuki, a renowned expert on Zen Buddhism, called attention to the topic of free will in one of his lectures by stating that it was the battle of 'God versus Man, Man versus God, God versus Nature, Nature versus God, Man versus Nature, Nature versus Man1.' These six battles constitute an ultimately greater battle: the battle of free will versus determinism. Free will is that ability for a human being to make decisions as to what life he or she would like to lead and have the freedom to live according to their own means and thus choose their own destiny; determinism is the circumstance of a higher being ordaining a man's life from the day he was born until the day he dies. Free will is in itself a far-reaching ideal that exemplifies the essence of what mankind could be when he determines his own fate. But with determinism, a man has a predetermined destiny and fate that absolutely cannot be altered by the man himself.Oedipus slaying the sphinx. Attic red-figured leky...Yet, it ha s been the desire of man to avoid the perils that his fate holds and thus he unceasingly attempts to thwart fate and the will of the divine.. Within the principle of determinism, this outright contention to divine mandate is blasphemous and considered sin. This ideal itself, and the whole concept of determinism, is quite common in the workings of Greek and Classical literature. A manifest example of this was the infamous Oedipus of The Theban Plays, a man who tried to defy fate, and therefore sinned.The logic of Oedipus' transgression is actually quite obvious, and Oedipus' father, King Laius, also has an analogous methodology and transgression. They both had unfortunate destinies: Laius was destined to be killed by his own son, and Oedipus was destined to kill...

Apply for the CPP Retirement Pension

Apply for the CPP Retirement Pension The application for the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) retirement pension is quite simple. However, there are a lot of things to learn and decide  before you apply. What is the CPP Retirement Pension? The CPP retirement pension is a government pension based on workers earnings and contributions. Just about everybody over the age of 18 who works in Canada (except in Quebec) contributes to the CPP. (In Quebec, the Quebec Pension Plan (QPP) is similar.) The CPP is planned to cover about 25 percent of pre-retirement earnings from work. Other pensions, savings and interest income are expected to make up the other 75 percent of your retirement income. Who is Eligible for a CPP Retirement Pension? In theory, you must have made at least one valid contribution to the CPP. Contributions are based on employment income between a set minimum and maximum. How much and how long you contribute to the CPP affects the amount of your pension benefits. Service Canada maintains a Statement of Contributions and can provide an estimate of what your pension would be if you were eligible to take it now. Register for and visit My Service Canada Account to see and print a copy. You can also get a copy by writing to: Contributor Client ServicesCanada Pension PlanService CanadaPO Box 9750 Postal Station TOttawa, ON K1G 3Z4 The standard age to start receiving a CPP retirement pension is 65. You can receive a reduced pension at the age of 60 and an increased pension if you delay starting your pension until after the age of 65. You can see some of the changes that are taking place in the reductions and increases in CPP retirement pensions in the article Canada Pension Plan (CPP) Changes. Important Considerations There are numerous situations that can affect your CPP retirement pension, and some may increase your pension income. Some of those are: Child rearing provision  can be requested if you stopped working or received a lower income as the primary caregiver of your children under the age of seven, which could increase your retirement pension.Pension sharing with your spouse or common-law partner could mean tax savings for you.Credit splitting  after a divorce or separation  allows CPP contributions made by you and your spouse or common-law partner to be equally divided.International social security agreements  may make you eligible for a pension if youve lived and worked in certain countries. How to Apply for the CPP Retirement Pension You must apply for the CPP retirement pension. It is not automatic. For your application to be eligible You must be at least a month past your 59th birthdayYou must have contributed to the CPPYou must want your pension payments to begin within 11 months. You can apply online. This is a two-part process. You can submit your application electronically. However, you must print and sign a signature page that you then must sign and mail to Service Canada. You could also print and complete the ISP1000 application form and mail it to the appropriate address. Dont miss the detailed information sheet that comes with the application form. After You Apply for the CPP Retirement Pension You can expect to receive your first CPP payment approximately eight weeks after Service Canada receives your application. Service Canada has other  useful information to be aware of once you start receiving your benefits.

Shakespeare Comedies Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Shakespeare Comedies - Term Paper Example nd the critics declared his comedy as the most refined pieces of art and literature, even Aristotle has stated comedy as a mean form of the imitation of real life. But it is not applied to Shakespearean comedies, which serve as the guiding star for the future generations to come. Shakespeare does not take comedy as the ridiculous or ugly form of literature. On the contrary, he introduced new and novel elements in comedy that maintain theme, meanings and objectives within their fold. His plays under study also concentrate upon highlighting the follies and shortcomings human nature contains, and Shakespeare looks for addressing those follies and weaknesses in a sophisticated manner. Answer A: Though Shakespeare appears to be influenced by classical literature in his early comedies, yet he outgrows this impression in his future works. The same is applied by going through his â€Å"Taming of the Shrew† and Measure for Measure†, where he exercises his intellect while creating the city comedy in an innovative way without seeking inspiration from classicism. It has been the tradition of the playwrights to either classical or romantic genre while producing comedy and Shakespeare’s can be attributed as romantic in composition and decorum. He presents vivacious city life in both his comedies under study, where there is energy, light, vigor, thrill and passion where dancing, feasting, love-making, engagements, drinks and dinners and merry-seeking decorate the entire atmosphere, and the reader finds himself in an extremely pageant environment where there is peace, harmony, jubilance, excitement and pleasure all around. The same can be detected in the streets of Padua, where the characters offer, stipulate and exchange ecstasy, joys and delight, as Christopher Sly states while conversing with the hostess at the bar: â€Å"Ye are a baggage: the Slys are no rogues; look in the chronicles; we came in with Richard Conqueror. Therefore paucas pallabris; let the world slide:

Oracles Larry Ellison - A Profile of Power, Influence, and Dominance Case Study

Oracles Larry Ellison - A Profile of Power, Influence, and Dominance - Case Study Example There are several qualities that Ellison thought the world. He tried to prove that college degree is not important in achieving excellence him being a college dropout. Despite him not having a degree, he was the first to be the most successful billionaire before Bill Gates and Steve Jobs. He dropped out of college more than once (Ellison & Symonds, 2014). He stayed in school enough and through this, he was able to learn about computer design. The knowledge he got was from reading an article that was written by an IBM scientist. Larry thought that one should not retire. With him turning seventy years, he remains the longest founder CEO in the tech industry. He has been holding the Oracle since 1977. According to IBM, there should be the retirement of one after reaching the age of 60 but Larry has not thought of retiring and speaks nothing about retirement to the public. Larry believes that a competitive spirit is the greatest motivator in anything one carries out. He still goes to work and claim that the encouragement that he has is that he is addicted to winning (Southwick, 2003). According to him, what drives him is the constant testing of limits that one has. He always thinks of making a difference and changes lives. Being greedy is a theory that is used by Ellison to achieve all his goals. According to a research that was done, he is ranked the fifth richest man in the world with an estimated worth of 49.5b billion. He claims to get there through the standards that he set for high executive pay. He was the highest paid in the 2000s. The salary being highest did not make him miss work. This is what he described to as being greedy in ensuring that one becomes successful in life. Being generous is a virtue that Ellison brought out to be much needed for one to make effort and get success in activities that one does. Despite him being a philanthropist, he does not talk much about his efforts unlike other philanthropic billionaires like Bill Gates. He is mainly focused on medical research and green energy but does not talk much about the efforts that he has made to improve the sector (Symonds & Ellison, 2003). According to him, he was ready to give much of his wealth to charity.

One girl one dream Essay Example for Free

One girl one dream Essay This knew that this wasnt the end of the man, he would be back, but next time I will hopefully be a bit more prepared. Eleza is that you? Cried a soft voice Mum? Mum is that you? I didnt think it was possible Eleza I knew you would come back she replied I have to go mum sorry, I cant get close to you because it will rip you apart when I leave again, sorry I shouted while running away down the street No Eleza no! I cant cope without you screeched mum That was the last time I ever saw my mum. Gun shots were fired shortly after I had left, and I just assumed that the police heard her and found out where she was hiding. I knew that the police would be after me soon so I searched refuge on the out skirts of the village, fortunately a couple were also on the run from the police so I went into a home with them, it wasnt an amazing home but at least it provided a roof over my head and food for my empty stomach. Why are you running from the police? I questioned the couple, because of our religion, people here do not support our beliefs and say that we dont belong in this community they stopped, they were going to say more but they could see that I was too tired to listen and so they rested my head in the cloth and rug bed they had made up for me, I thanked them. I started to shiver as it got later into the night so I moved my bed closer to the raging fire to keep warm. I woke up the next morning still feeling incredibly tired because I didnt sleep very well. The couple were very kind to me, for breakfast they gave me a cup of milk and also a piece of bread. Once I had finished eating my food I told the couple what my situation was and what my plans are, they took it as quite a surprise but understood completely and even offered to help out. Knowing that they were old enough to earn a living I stayed along side them for many days. Later on that evening we gathered around the beaming fire and chatted for hours and hours, that was until there was a knock at the door, shh, Eleza hide quickly said the couple silently. I tip toed towards the wooden toy chest and climbed in. open up! demanded a strong deep voice, The woman opened the door to the strange dark clothed man. on the floor, now! he shouted again The did as he said, I couldnt see everything but I could see through a little hole in the side of the chest. Even before the couple could have a chance to speak, the man shot them both in the head. As that bullet pierced into their skull I cringed and couldnt bare the sight, I wanted to cry but any noise could give me the same shot to the head. The strange dark man left, dragging the 2 bodies behind him. I broke out of the toy chest and went to the bathroom; I splashed water onto my face to revive my self, I knew it wasnt worth getting worked up about as I already had a mission to complete. But this incident just made me more determined to get back at the mayor. Whats next? Chapter 11 Screaming with silent rage I crept through the village of murderers. My mind was spinning and I had headaches slicing in and out my skull. I noticed the mayor walking down the street, I followed not too far behind, by the looks of it he was walking towards the forest, I wanted to go see if Oscar was ok but didnt want to chance getting caught. I gave up on following the mayor because he walked into a building and then just disappeared out of sight. I then focused on getting into the forest to see the construction so far. It had been raining the night before so the way up the hill was wet and slippery, I fell many times, but easily managed to get back up again. When I finally reached the top of the hill I saw that the construction hadnt progressed much at all. I went around back to see more, Eleza.. PST.. Eleza over here came a whisper from behind. hey, how are you here, I saw you had a arrow in your back, you cant be alive! I stepped back in shock, that was a tranquiliser, the guard saw me and assumed I was trying to steal the blueprint, so shot me simple mistake, Im sorry I scared you like that. are you still willing to help me then? I wanted to get this over with so I wasnt going to laze about. dont worry about the building Eleza, since youve been gone I have spoken to the mayor and many arguments were fought, but I have managed to convince them to make the building eco friendly. It will cost a lot more money to make but you are the reason why many animals in this forest will be preserved and protected well done! thank-you for doing this for me, how can I repay you for this? I felt incredibly happy that someone was inspired by me. come down to the mayors office with me tonight, I think he wants to talk to you replied the boy. are you mad! I will be killed! I shouted no seriously I can honestly say that you are safe with me, please trust me as I trusted you before pleaded the boy I felt that if I didnt go then it would be mean because he had helped me out a great deal and I should help him in return. ok then, but if anything should go wrong then may your thoughts be guilty for ever I accepted to see what the mayor wanted. I went off into the forest to get ready for tonight, I found Oscar beneath a big branch where we once stayed. He followed me down to the lake, I took a swim to clean off so not to get bad impressions with the mayor. The time passed and by the time I had dried off and got back to the construction site it was already time to go. come on then we best get a move on I said while already walking. We reached the mayors present house on time, we knocked on the door and waited for a response. Helping out- chapter 12 Enter please spoke a well mannered butler Just stay calm and when the mayor wants to talk then let him demanded the boy Hello Eleza, I have heard many stories of you, I understand that you like to stand up for what you believe in, am I right? said the mayor in a strong voice Yes, you are correct I answer in the simplest way possible I want you to do a favour for me, I will pay for your food and sleeping place, you wonder why, but I really do think that you have the courage we need, do you think you can manage to stand up for what you believe in even if the opposition is bigger?. I thought for a while before proclaiming my reply, I would love to take hold of the responsibility of helping out, but do not understand why you would choose me to do this, I was being chased by your men the other day, how can I know that I can trust you? I still wasnt convinced but if what he was saying was true then I would be overwhelmed and hopefully do a good job. Ok, I guess I should tell you now, I havent been completely straight with you, I will look after the forest here for you, but you must leave to southern Africa to do a job for me, flight is paid for, and you will be helping the green team to help decrease the amount of de forestation, and also in your free time you will be helping the smaller children in the schools but if you do not accept this then your precious forest will be burned to the ground for my house to be bigger! So the choice is yours. It wasnt much of a choice so I just did what I had to and agreed to go. I will go but Oscar must be able to fly over with me! Im sorry but it is illegal for wild animals like Oscar to fly over on the plane with you I knew he was right so I just gave in, but made sure that he is promised to be looked after by the mayor. I looked back and went to talk to my friend, Ive never been to Africa, is this a nice place to be? I havent ever been either, but I do know that it is a third world country, with children that need your help replied my friend. The mayor went out the room and talked to another man about the trip, I was shacking but not because I was scared, just because I was filled with many emotions, I was actually quite excited. Journey and arrival chapter 13 I set off early the following morning and endured 12 long tiring hours on the flight to northern Africa, then another 9 hours on a train to my destination. When I got off the train my legs were numb and floppy. When I arrived I was directed into a small long building and was told what I should do. The mayor explained that he is only here today then will be flying home tomorrow, and then he introduced me to my mentor. Eleza, I hope that your stay here will be pleasurable, my name is Mandisa please come meet our youngest residents in our village. I was taken into a classroom where little children stared at the teacher, they gave her all their attention, there was no shouting, it was just calm nice place to learn. I didnt want to disturb them so instead I went into the village centre and saw just how hard it was for them to survive. Could I have a cup of water please? I asked a local The man said nothing, he walked over to a well and scooped out a bucket of water, I went over to him, he handed me the bucket. Is this what you drink everyday? I wondered I looked into the bucket; the water was cloudy with dirt floating on the surface. This wasnt what I was expecting, I was hoping that the people hadnt been drinking this for too long, this water isnt drinkable and could kill if the wrong bits are drank. It is the end of the school day now, come with me to see the children said Mandisa I followed her to the classroom again and met up with the kids, meeting them made me feel important, I felt like I was a vital part of their lives, and that I could make a difference to their lives. Hello, my name is Keon, whats your name? questioned a young boy Eleza, I am here to help you and your class friends out. Yay, no-ones ever come to our village before, other than Aitan, your mayor Is your mum going to pick you up from school? I just wanted to talk to him, I wanted to make friends. My mum is gone Keon fell silent and faced the ground she is gone, but my dad is in the fields. I have to go; my older sister has a disease and needs all the support she can get. Before I could get a chance to comfort him he was gone. I walked down the road and met up with Mandisa. Come; come quick, its Keons sister! She is in desperate need of help. I didnt rely, I just ran with her to his home. There was a huge gathering of people out side of the house; me and Mandisa stepped into the sweltering house mounted of sad people, the mood was unbearable and cries came from the room that Keons sister lay. I ran into the room and looked into the eyes of the girl, I could see that she was in a cycle of eternal pain; I knew this was an incurable disease and couldnt help but feel sorry for the girl, at such a young age, (2 years younger than me and 3 years older than Keon.) I left the house and went to the little mud cottage where I was staying, I sat on the bed and relaxed, I cant stand emotional moments, it just brings back bad memories that Id rather not think about. There was a knock at the door, Hello, Eleza are you in there? sobbed a voice from behind the door, I went over to the door to find Keon looking at me then grasped my waist and burst into tears I hugged him for over 10 minutes before he let go and sat next to me on the bed and told me the tragic news about his sister. His father kindly invited me to the funeral then took Keon back home to get some sleep. I was shattered and was shocked by how much happened to me in one day, and was glad when the day came to a close. But I was eager to see what tomorrow had in store for me. African life chapter 14 Eleza, Eleza time to get up whispered a soft voice in my ear I couldnt talk because my lips were so dry and crisp they remained sealed, I leapt out of bed. They gave me a towel and a bucket of water to wash my face with. The first job of the day was to cover a simple lesson of spelling; I walked to the classroom with the children and was introduced to them all. I then started off the lesson by asking each individual child what they think their abilities are, this helped me to know what their level of learning is currently. The teachers didnt have books to teach from, just a teacher that goes by memory. I didnt get an education so I wasnt doing anything too complicated; I just went over what I already knew. The school day wasnt very long because the children got too hot in the classroom, after the class Mandisa met me outside. She told me that I was here to make a difference to the peoples lives and that I should try to make some tasks up for myself to complete. I thought for just a few moments then decided what I was going to do next. Keon showed me around the village and pointed over to the forest, or what remained of it anyway. I told him that I will protest against the men but I couldnt use force. I think I have a plan, what is the cutest creature in your forest? I questioned The baby monkeys are cute, they live high in the trees Keon replied Lets go then I shouted to him while running through the forest. Keon knew that there was only a slim chance that my plan would work and so he didnt get his hopes up. It took a while to spot any wildlife in the forest because the noise of the chainsaws had frightened them half to death, I crept up quietly to one of the babies, the mother was higher in the trees so she didnt see me coming, Keon gently lifted down the monkey and handed it to me, then we walked for miles and miles to find the campsite of the tree murderers and once there Keon gave a good firm knock on the door and waited for a response. Whos there came a voice behind them I turned around quickly and addressed them, We are begging you please stop cutting down the trees, so many animals die because you have taken away their home and family, here is a monkey that is calling out for your help I had to make up a sad story about the monkey or it wouldnt take effect. I am just against it as you but we must do this otherwise we are out of jobs and wont be able to afford to survive. I could see that the man wasnt the kind to give up easily and so I diverted to the second plan,you know, we will always have a place for you in the village and even though you have had you arguments with them, Im sure if you stop cutting the trees down they will be happy to take you in. if this didnt work then we were screwed. This is something I will consider, it wont be immediate but you idea will not be discarded, dont come back, we will move Im due course. The turned and walked away into their house, we went back to the village and carefully put the baby monkey back exactly where we found it. I went back to my where I slept the night before and rested there. As I lay I thought about all the changes I could make to this village if I put my mind to it, I wasnt an adult, but the village treated me as one and made me feel wanted. This was when I knew, my dream has become a reality, I wanted to make a difference to the world and help those in more need than me. For once in my life I feel that I have done my parents proud and just wish that they could be here beside me. Everyday for over a month I got up and helped around the village, and every evening I would visit Keons mother and comfort her because the loss of her daughter was still on her mind. I had gone through so many adventures in my life and only in 1 year I had gone half way across the world and have witnessed life and death pass me by, and yet am still at a young age of 14, but my birthday is next week and the village kindly offered to have a little bonfire to celebrate, Keon even offered to sing a traditional African song called Kpanlogo this song had a strong meaning behind it but he wanted to sing it because it had a great tune to it. Free life takes a change chapter 15 Keon was now a big part of my life and was like a brother to me, his mum was a thoughtful woman and she welcomed me into her family. I took the job of permanently teaching his class and in the process I even taught myself new things and the children told me about the animals and wildlife that surrounds them. That night Mandisa walked up to me with tears building up in her eyes, she told me that the mayor said that I couldnt stay any longer, he needed help back home. So unfortunately my time in Africa came to an end. I was heartbroken to leave my new family, I felt like someone when I was there and didnt want to go.

Teaching Status Report :: Teaching Education Essays

Teaching Status Report My experiences at Dunn middle school are quite different then I had originally anticipated. All of the research I did on the school itself and what I heard from others about their experiences prepared me for the worst. What I ended up with was a classroom full of eager young students to learn. They may not be eager to learn the basics, math, science, history, etc. However, they are eager to find out new things. My job now is to make sure that I incorporate the basics into what they want to learn or vice versa. The students in my classroom each have a unique personality, no two are even similar, but every one of them is interesting and has potential to be great learners and people. I was expecting to walk into a room full of out of control hoodlums. I expected there to be things thrown across the room, the boys all dressed in gang colors, and the girls dressed like Beyonce with stomachs hanging out. During my first few days of observation I learned that the students respected the teacher. This was very relieving because I knew that the students would quickly learn to respect me as a teacher and an adult. My cooperating teacher was very encouraging and has helped us to learn a lot about the classroom. He is a very strict teacher and puts up with no nonsense. However, he if you follow his rules he will ease up and allow some sliding. His teaching style is very different then mine is. He likes to have the kids write on the board and teaches most of his classes from his seat in front of his desk. I don’t know that this is the wrong way to teach, it is simple different then my personal style. I am a very energetic person and want to share my energy and passions with the students. I like to get up and walk around the class and get the kids excited about the lesson at hand. As far as discipline goes I really think that I can learn a great deal from my co-op.

Major Educational Challenges Assessment for Kenya Education System Essay

With a total population of over 43 million, Kenya is the biggest and most advanced economy in the east and central Africa. It is well-known for its natural resource and the vast variety of wildlife, which contribute a large proportion to Kenya’s GDP in agricultural and service sectors. It’s prosperous capital Nairobi is also given the name â€Å"East African Paris†. But behind the misleading impression of affluence left by a minority of urban population, Kenya is still a poor developing country with half of the population living in total poverty. Even though with a GINI index of 42. which is only medium, the economic status inequality of Kenyans is relatively high: The rich has a condo with four private cars and two maids while the poor in shabby clothes are living in slums just two miles away. The economy of the country also leads to problems in the education sector in Kenya. The objectives of this memo is to identify three most important issues that may be challenges for Kenyan Government and Kenyan education sector, and come up with potential solutions and strategies to address them. 1, Educational inequality between urban and rural areas There’s been a significant educational inequality between urban and rural Kenya. From the data provided by â€Å"Exploring Kenyan Education† site, School Location Density (2007), most schools distributes around big cities in the southern and southwestern Kenya where the majority of the population lives in. These cities includes Nairobi the Capital, Nakuru, Kericho, Kisumu, Eldoret, Kakamega, Meru and Mombasa. Since the school density does not show any problems because it follows the demography theory, but the enrollment rate and the educational investment may tell a part of the story. In big cities like Nairobi, the gross enrollment rate of primary education is as high as 103% and the net enrollment rate is 91% (2009). But as of northeastern and northwestern Kenya the ratio is as low as 35% or even 25%. Even though the primary education is free and uniform in Kenya, there are still extra costs. One that blocks the way of education for children is the school uniform. Students drop out of schools simply because they don’t have school uniform, the situation is even worse in those tribe territories and extreme poor areas. The school uniform costs almost a thousand Ksh that many families cannot afford. Even though there has been official regulation noting that no student ought to be turned away for not having uniform, uniform is such an ineradicable â€Å"culture† in Kenya schools that either schools or parents keep students away from school for not having schools uniforms. Lacking of resources becomes another. Lacking of sufficient textbooks and necessary stationaries makes students in rural areas hard to study. Students normally depend on what their teachers can provide to them and most of the time a textbook is shared by two plus students. Even there are articles saying lacking of teachers is another problem, but according to the data by Kenya Open Data, the Pupil-Teacher Ratio in rural areas is not significantly higher than that is in developed area) -Possible solutions Providing free school uniforms targeting economically challenged students (application by student or their parents). Education ministry should also take responsibility to make sure every single student can have the textbooks they need. Unified and organized studying necessities delivery should be arranged at the start of each semester. 2, Primary-to Secondary Bottleneck The primary education in Kenya is free and an average of over 90% of eligible school-age children are enrolled into primary schools, but the net enrollment rate only ranges from 3%-50%, that means even in the best conditioned area, nearly half of the students quit studying at the age of 15. Tuition Fees remains the largest barrier for going secondary school. Data shows that a primary student cost around 3,000 Ksh (32 USD) per household per year (2005), but surges to 25,000 Ksh (270 USD) for secondary education, which accounts for more than half of Annual income per household. Despite government subsidies for secondary schools, some national and top provincial schools charge fees as high as 73,600 Ksh for one year. Such excessive education expense may be totally fine for students from privileged families, but for kids from middle class or poor families who fight all the way to those schools, that becomes a disaster. The other factor that creates the bottleneck is the poor education quality in most of the public primary schools. Primary school students need to reach over 250 points in KCPE (Kenya Certificate of Primary Education) to be qualified to continue secondary education. There are better teachers teaching in private schools and students are receiving â€Å"elite† education. 77 percent of private primary school students (2007) score over 250 compared to only 45 percent among public school students. This really reveals the poor teaching quality which fails students in public schools, thus most economic privileged families send their children to private schools. -Possible solutions: More government subsidies – Though the secondary education receives governmental subsidies, more subsidies are needed to help those students with economical difficulties. Document students who need tuition aid and set up foundation targeting those students. Thus the resource can be concentrated to those in need. Further more, more money should be invested for better teachers, better infrastructures in public schools. Strengthen subsidy usage supervision – Kenyan Ministry of Education spends more than 10,000Ksh per secondary student annually. This amount of money is controlled by schools instead of directly by the students, and the tuition gets even higher each year. Many secondary schools charges suggested annual tuition standard by MOE for only one semester, and most of them cannot explain the subsidies usage. Having government nominated supervisor sent to schools regularly to make sure the subsidies are in proper use would be a potential solution. Heath problems that contribute to the dropout and poor education quality Health problem has been a huge challenge for students in Kenya and the country’s heath system has been always in a difficult time trying to provide accessible heath care for its population. Poor nutrition, underweight, intestinal worms, malaria, HIV, unexpected early pregnancies, etc. have greatly influenced students’ academic performance. In some areas such as Naivasha and Thika, own illness/disability becomes the biggest reason for not attending school. The ratio may be as high as over 70% and some time reaches over 90%. Also, early pregnancy is also a main contributor to the high dropout rate among girls. -Possible solution School heath program: a school based heath system should be set up to secure students’ health condition. Since families may not be able to provide enough food supply especially for those poor families, government should help schools provide at least one meal per day to ensure students’ nutrition supplement. Also, 3. 6 million children were dewormed in 2009 and continuing implementing deworming program has been proved to be an effective way to increase attendance. Then schools should also take responsibilities for sex knowledge education which most children could not receive at home.

Chinese Inventions Essay

China is unlike any other country; winning a trip to China would be a dream come true! China is known for several years of their creative and useful inventions. Along with the many useful inventions, China was known for the first recorded observation of comets and solar eclipses. China has been creative for with their contributions to the world. China created useful inventions such as toilet paper, bristle tooth brushes, paper, printing, gun powder, and the compass. (China’s Science and Technology, 1999) Although, we as individuals cannot live without some of Chinese items, before the Chinese inventions we had no choose. Before the invention of paper; bamboo silk, papyrus and parchment were used for writing. In 105 BC, Chinese invented what we referre today as paper from bamboo, bark, hemp, and rags. Shortly after in 206 B.C- A.D. 220, paper and ink were invented, the first form of â€Å"printing on paper† came from rubbings. This process consisted of using a brush in o rder to smooth pieces of paper, the paper was then carefully coaxed into the depressions, and left to dry with a fan. Paper was also used to make things like raincoats, windows and umbrellas. In which brings us to our next most useful invention. (China’s Science and Technology, 1999) The fan was also invented by Chinese; the fan was mostly carried by women and solders. They were made out of bamboo and silk. The fan consisted of bamboo spines sticking out in almost a half-circle with silk wrapped around it. The silk that was used on the fan was also one of the creative inventions of China. Silk was discovered as one of the best materials for clothing. The Emperor’s wore only white silk robes to signify richness. Shortly after, silk was introduced to the general public and was used as clothing, decorations, musical instruments and even fishing lines. (China’s Science and Technology, 1999) The compass was made from a wooden circle and a magnetic spoon on top. It was used as a mechanism when houses were built to check for perfect harmony with nature. When invented, the compass was intended for religious purposes only. (China’s Science and Technology, 1999) Health was one of the most important things to the Chinese culture. The Chinese had many remedies that included natural herbs and acupuncture. Herbal remedies were not the only remedies used to heal the sick in China; doctors also used organs and parts from animals. Organs such as the sheep’s eye were given to patients to eat in order to get cured from the sickness. In some cases, the Chinese used Elixir, which was a potion that they believed would increase your years of living. Along with herbal medicine, within the 1st Millennium BC; Chinese invented a therapeutic method called Acupuncture, this was the most commonly used medical treatment. The intent of this technique was to restore health and well-being. It involved insertions of stainless steel needles into the â€Å"acupuncture points† of the body. (Acupuncture, 2010) China was also known for their Military inventions, They were responsible for the inventions of the crossbow, poison gas, tear gas, fire lance and rockets. Among the great Military inventions gunpowder was the most usefull. Gunpowder was accidentally invented, the intent was to make the elixir of life and to make the emperor immortal. (China’s Science and Technology, 1999) Toilet paper is something that is taken for granted. It was mentioned around 589 A.D. In Korea. Toilet paper was introduced in China in 1391, before toilet paper was invented Romans used saltwater-soaked sponge on a stick, in public restrooms. English used pages from books, Americans used newspaper and pages from books. After years and years, toilet paper has been mastered to what it is now. We cannot live without that clean feeling. (China’s Science and Technology, 1999) References China’s Science and Technology. (1999, 7 30). Retrieved 2 21, 2012, from Crystalinks: http://www.crystalinks.com/chinascience.html Acupuncture. (2010, 2 7). Retrieved 2 21, 2013, from Crystalinks: http://www.crystalinks.com/acupuncture.html

Build an Administrative Assistant Resume Employers Can’t Ignore

Build an Administrative Assistant Resume Employers Can’t Ignore Want some tested and proven strategies for building an administrative assistant resume that potential employers and future bosses can’t- and won’t- ignore? Eric Wood, contributor at CareerAddict, offers some no-nonsense strategies for getting your resume to stand out from the daunting crowd of potential hires during your job search.Don’t forget the fundamentals when building your resume! You’d be surprised by how many unfortunate and misguided job seekers resort to throwing in useless â€Å"bells and whistles† into their resumes in a desperate attempt to get attention- and how quickly this can backfire. Neon-colored paper? Forget it! A cute photo of you and your pet iguana in the corner? Don’t even think about it! Potential bosses aren’t looking for comic relief (at least not when they’re sifting through a huge stack of resumes).Also, make sure your resume highlights all of your strengths. Remember, your resume is going to make your first impression to potential employers for you, so make sure it sells you well. Also, competition for administrative assistant is fierce, so if your resume doesn’t say that you’re the absolute, undeniable best potential employee that exists, you can be sure that another applicant’s resume will- and guess who’s more likely to land the job?An effective profile statement at the top of your resume can really grab an employer’s attention. Consider this your â€Å"elevator pitch† as you sell yourself to whoever is reviewing your resume- this brief (no more than 50 words) introduction should tell readers why they need to look no further in their hunt for the perfect administrative assistant, and why it’s well worth their time to keep reading.Your resume should also be in a clear, professional format that’s easy to follow and engaging, and highlights your best attributes. Don’t waste time with unique fonts or fancy design flourishes- it won’t help you land the job- use that extra time to double-check your resume so that it’s free of errors!Bottom line: An administrative assistant is usually a vital and important member of an organization’s team, and employers are looking for someone who’s professional, capable, and qualified- so make sure your resume says this about you!How to Write an Administrative Assistant ResumeRead More at www.careeraddict.com

Breaking Down Writer’s Block An Infographic - Freewrite Store

Breaking Down Writer’s Block An Infographic - Freewrite Store Writer’s block can happen to anyone, no matter if you’re a new writer or if you have had several well-received publications under your name. These dry spells can be a bother to deal with, as they can go on for days or even weeks at a time. It can be frightening, especially if you make a living by writing. But what exactly happens when you have writer’s block? It plays out differently for different individuals. While some find themselves not being able to pen a single decent sentence, there are others who can still write pages of paragraphs- but nowhere near the quality that they’re used to producing. There are those who just can’t seem to find the right words to say and also those who seem to have too many ideas to fit into a single article. Writer’s block can happen at any time, sometimes during crucial moments in your writing career. Because of the unpredictability of writer’s block, knowing a few techniques to overcome it can come in handy. Some experts suggest to continue writing, even when what you end up writing doesn’t make sense. You can even write about something else, so find a topic that truly interests you, and feel the thoughts and ideas come out through written format. You can also work on your focus by using a distraction-free typewriter instead, which will force you to write and write until you’re finally done. However, if you can’t even seem to find any words at all to scribble down, then shut everything down and go for a walk. Sometimes, simply taking yourself out to unwind can help loosen the screws that are holding the mental box trapping your creative juices. Go out and see people; change your environment- in other words, do something else. Interested to find out more about this scary yet inevitable experience? Check out this infographic to get more details. Writer’s block can be a pain to work with, but even the most famous writers suffered from it at various points in their writing careers. Don’t be easily discouraged if you experience that too. After all, there are many ways you can overcome this creative stumbling block.

Physiological Differences between Children and Adluts Essay

Physiological Differences between Children and Adluts - Essay Example Knowledge about human physiology dictates the approach that a teacher should use when handling children. Human physiology of a child differs from adult. Notably, adult language is different from child language. This paper identifies the physiological differences between adult and children, which influence their response to exercise or sport. Physiologists believe that major physiological differences that exist between adults and children influence their ability to respond to physical activities. Human body systems such as respiratory system and cardiovascular system among other systems influence the ability of an individual to handle a particular amount of physical exercises (Kirk, MacDonald, & O’Sullivan 2006:232). The physiological differences that exist between adults and children include difference in cardiovascular system, respiratory system, and ability of the human body to withstand fatigue. Adults have fully developed organ systems, which influence their ability to wit hstand strenuous exercises. On the other hand, children organ systems are still developing. Concerning these physiological differences, children are able to do a given amount of exercises (Armstrong, et. al. 2008:81). Another notable difference is the blood content of the body. Adult have large quantity of blood, which is responsible for oxygen circulation in the body. Cardiovascular system is responsible for the transportation of oxygen in the body from the heart to other parts of the body through the blood (Armstrong, 2007:128). Oxygen delivery to various parts of the body depends on the amount of blood pumped by the heart. Children have low volume of blood, which translate to the amount of oxygen supplied in various body organs. On the other hand, the pumping rate of the heart in children is higher than in adult. Another notable difference is ventricular size of the heart. Adults have large ventricular size compared to children. This influences the volume of blood pumped by the h eart in each pumping stroke. Another notable difference between adults and children is that children have low tolerance rate to high temperatures and humidity. The respiratory system is responsible for gaseous exchange in the human body. Ventilation refers to the amount of gaseous exchange per minute. Ventilation is a product of tidal volume and the rate of breathing. Children breathe rapidly compared to adults because they have low tidal volume. Adults have well developed lungs, which explain the difference in breathing frequency between adults and children. The later have small organs thereby influencing the volume of air exchange. Respiration depends on surface area of the body to its volume ratio (Kincheloe, & Horn, 2008:123). The children have a high rate of respiration compared to adults. Physical activities and gender influence the rate of respiration. When an individual is doing a strenuous activity, the rate of respiration tend to increase. Gender differences influence basa l metabolic rate. Women have a basal metabolic rate which low compared to men. This explains the difference in ability to handle strenuous exercises between girls and boys. Naturally, girls would handle simple physical exercises without straining. Environmental factors such as temperature and humidity influence oxygen supply in the human body. Physiologists observe that children response to high temperat

The Cash Flow of ABC Limited Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Cash Flow of ABC Limited - Essay Example The cash flow statement provides valuable information on the quality of income and sales, dividend and interest covers, the cash available per share and the cash returns generated by the assets. These are discussed in the following sections. In addition to the quick ratio or current ratio (Monetary Assets / Current Liabilities) and the liquidity ratio (Current Assets / Current Liabilities), another very useful ratio to analyses a company’s performance is the quality of income (Net Cash Inflow from Operations/ Net Profit before Interest and Tax). The quality of income ratio helps understand the company’s income a little better. The net cash inflow for ABC Limited is  £155 and the Profits before interest and tax totals to  £67, thus making its Quality of Income Ratio as 2.313. This ratio helps analyze the amount of free cash that has been utilized to increase the capital expenditure. It computed as Retained Cash Flow (After Div. Paid) / Cash Paid for Acquisition. For the case of ABC Limited, the amount of money that has been invested to capital expenditures is  £ 115 and the total amount of free cash is  £134 (i.e. Net cash from Operating Activities less the tax paid less the dividends paid = 155 - 15 – 6). Thus the capital expenditure ratio totals to 1.165%. It is clear that ABC limited has invested a high amount in capital expenditures and still there is a net increase in cash, indicating that the company has performed very well in terms of collecting the cash from the customers. The cash owing cover signifies the total amount of free cash (i.e. Net Cash income from operations less the tax, less interest and fewer dividends) that is used to settle the total owing of the company. Calculation of the cash owing cover can be done by dividing the total owing by the retained cash from operations (after dividend). ABC Limited has a total owing of  £72 m and the net free cash after dividends totals to  £134 m (155 – 15 – 6 ) thus making the cash owing cover to total to 0.537. Therefore the number of years to pay off debt is 0.5years or 6 months. This indicates that ABC limited can pay off the debts in a very short period.

Java Questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Java Questions - Coursework Example s where the devices are connected via internet while socket programming connects computers to sockets that enable information sharing (Sharma and Deswal, 2014). It was the idea that I used to seal a client for my parents within no time. Negotiation was smooth as it was direct to the individual concerned and enabled immediate feedback. Indeed, business entities should adopt the system as it will save them a lot majorly in costs that might be incurred due to physical movements. Java provides for server connections majorly from a remote source. But the connections are usually numerous that creates threads and pools (Auer, Dingel and Rudie, 2014). The many overheads lead to slower server operations and even disrupt other sites in progress. I had this problem especially when in the school library where at the server point, everyone tries to have its share. Trust me, it was pathetic and for the first time I contemplated never to go browse at the library. The Java world has provided for the real time and distributive processing that allows for the flow of objects between the systems (Dreibholz, 2014). Since, the modern world requires collaboration; data is easily exchanged between the parties due to long distances. It has been the method that we used to spread information around with classmates. The process is fast and reliable to the exchange of data. I, therefore, find it very helpful since no one had to worry about missing the information. Java provides for various platforms of communication like 2go that enables individuals to send messages at will (Sade and Ofer, 2014). For long now, I have been a fan of 2go and the app generally updated in the latest model of my iphone 6. It is quite interesting on how I can participate in group chats with my friends. All the messages are replied instantly while those offline can also find the text and participate in later stages that bonded us together. Caches are meant to speed up the application of the java (Hu and Santurkar,

Social Exclusion in Social Work

Social Exclusion in Social Work This aim of this essay is to discuss the role of the social worker in addressing social exclusion and discrimination and the impact that such issues have on individuals, groups and communities. I am also going to demonstrate my understanding of anti-oppressive practice and ethical issues that social workers face, particularly in the Welsh context. Accordingly, ever since the late 1980s there has been a rising understanding of the effect of oppression and discrimination on individuals, groups and communities (Thompson, 1997). More recently, anti-discriminatory practice has surfaced as a main focal point underpinning social work policy, theory and practice (Pierson, 2002). Hence, with the aim of carrying out their role constructively, social workers should develop and uphold an awareness of why anti-oppressive and anti-discriminatory practice standpoints are vital and the approach that they can take when dealing with discrimination, oppression and social exclusion. Wales, like other na tions, is merely an example of a multi-cultural society with various dissimilar aspects of diversity and personal experiences. Thus, gender, class, language, age, ethnic group, together with other social factors, collectively have an effect on a persons social identity, experience, and awareness of the world that they inhabit (Williams, 2007). With this in mind, discussing the effects of discrimination and social exclusion, and tackling matters of oppression, may provoke numerous difficulties for social work practitioners. Nevertheless, valuable practice tools have been developed so as to challenge inequalities and endorse social inclusion (Thompson 1997; Pierson 2002). Accordingly, it can be said that impartiality is fundamental to social equality. In this regard, persons and groups must believe that they are able to partake wholly in the community and be thought of as equal members. In situations where this is not the reality, individuals could be subjected to isolation, detachment, disadvantage and prejudice. In particular instances, this could cause generations of individuals living on the margins of society. Thus, the ideas of social exclusion and discrimination are very much in parallel. Societies lacking in equality where specific individuals or groups are discriminated against can cause exclusion. Similarly, social exclusion promotes inequality and discrimination (www.socialexclusion.gov.uk). The Social Exclusion Unit delineated social exclusion as what can occur when individuals, groups or communities experience a combination of concurrent difficulties such as unemployment, poor skills, low incomes, poor housing, high crime environments, ba d health and family breakdown (www.socialexclusion.gov.uk). Likewise, discrimination emerges when a person or group is treated unfavourably, when compared with others in similar circumstances, because of their age, sexual orientation, disability, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, or gender. (Adams, Dominelli and Payne, 1998). Accordingly, it can be said that socially excluded individuals or groups are incapable of playing a full part in the community due to an array of difficulties they are confronted with, such as unemployment, lack of skills, ill-health or inequality. Frequently, specific individuals or groups are more likely to encounter these difficulties. As an example, individuals that suffer from a disability or mental ill health come across apprehension and intolerance from other persons, often derived from erroneous beliefs about such conditions. Such stigma could not only intensify individual distress but could also inhibit the person from seeking necessary assi stance. Hence, such social exclusion and discrimination could obstruct access to services and resources such as housing, employment, parental rights, immigration, health care and access to justice (Sayce, 1998). These individuals or groups that are excluded from society have to conquer these obstacles to opportunities that other members of the community enjoy. It has been documented that Wales possesses some of the most disadvantaged communities throughout Europe (Williams, 2004). Moreover, the Assembly Government refers to regions of marked deprivation exemplified by dependence on benefits and a necessity for employment opportunities (National Assembly for Wales, 2009). In addition to inadequately salaried or lack of work, poor skills have also been noted as a vital cause of unemployment, economic inactivity and poverty for individuals, and in 2001, 20% of adults of working age in Wales had no qualifications (National Assembly for Wales, 2009). For 2008, the young adult (16-24) une mployment rates was 16%. Consequently, almost half of the individuals in Wales without work are under 25 (www.jrt.org.uk). Such lack of prospects underpins the probability of some individuals or groups being incapable of fully integrating into the community. Thus, those socially excluded can experience feelings of stress, poor health and isolation due to low living standards and limited access to services (National Assembly for Wales, 2009). Other members of society can encounter greater degrees of anxiety and reduced mobility due to reduced social unity and augmented concern for criminal activity (Pierson, 2002). Accordingly, the social worker has the crucial responsibility of making the quality of existence better for individuals, groups and communities and challenging the triggers of social exclusion and discrimination. Hence the role and task of the social worker is complex. The role ranges across empowerment, counselling, advocacy, partnership, needs assessment, care management and social control (Scourfield, Holland and Young, 2008). Social work practitioners should be dedicated to human rights and equality and strive to encourage and support individuals, groups and communities that experience the damaging consequences of social injustice. Thus, the social work profession promotes social change, problem-solving in human relationships, and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being. Utilising theories of human behaviour and social systems, social work intervenes at points where people interact with their environments. Principles of human rights and social justice are fundamental to social work (www.ifsw.org.uk). This indicates that social workers have a duty to confront discriminatory attitudes towards persons due to capability, age, ethnicity, gender, class, marital position, political beliefs, racial or other physical characteristics, or sexuality (www.ifsw.org.uk). Within their role, social workers should have a duty to work towards an inclusive society by confronting circumstances that promote social exclusion, oppression and/or hardship. Hence, Pierson (2002) has documented five extensive building blocks for social workers to employ in practice to effectively work with socially excluded individuals, groups and communities and ultimately promote social inclusion. The first building block encompasses the significance of concentrating on income and for the social worker to have a full understanding of the benefits system overall (Pierson, 2002: 42-47). The second building block encompasses the part played by networks jointly as a basis of reliable collective support for individuals, groups and communities and as a practical means for social workers (Pierson, 2002: 47-51). The third building block encompasses partnerships between citizens, groups, volunt ary, private and religious organisations and statutory services where holistic, coherent action can be carried out on the ground (Pierson, 2002: 51-56). The fourth building block encompasses several advantages in developing elevated levels of service user and neighbourhood participation in the community. For example, legislation such as the Children Act 1989, the NHS and Community Care Act of 1990 and the Disabled Persons Representation Act in 1996, required local authorities to consult closely with users when they undertake assessments and devise care plans, and in the follow-up reviews of how those plans are actually unfolding (Pierson 2002: 57). Also, proposals by Government, for example Quality Protects, New Deal for Communities and the Best Value framework necessitate citizen involvement (Pierson, 2002:57). Finally, the fifth building block encompasses the importance of the whole community and assisting resident ability through neighbourhood improvements. For example, involveme nt in community activities, childcare, looking after neighbours, credit unions and neighbourhood watch (Pierson 2002: 65). Moreover, in executing their role, social workers habitually face ethical issues when discovering challenging principles and obligations (Mattison, 2000). Hence, the principles or ethics of independence may be at variance with not only a responsibility of care, but also between the wellbeing for the person and the wellbeing of other members of society (Mattison, 2000). For this reason, it is crucial for social workers to carefully consider their own principles and practice. This is fundamental because even though frameworks like the professional code of ethics are made available to offer practical assistance, to a degree, using ones own discretion when making decisions is unavoidable (Mattison, 2000). Social workers must also confront ethical issues regarding confidentiality. Hence, social workers often make judgements as to whether it is deemed necessary to reveal confidential information to outside organisations without the individuals permission so as to protect society or comply with legal judgements or legislation. A further ethical issue is professional paternalism or beneficence, which means that social workers may have to make judgements about whether to place restrictions on individuals that engage in self-harming conduct, for example substance misuse or rejecting certain services (Clark, 1998). Moreover, it seems crucial to use an anti-oppressive approach when dealing with ethical issues. Hence, various fundamental principles underpinning anti-oppressive practice in Wales have been documented by Elaine Davies (1994). These include the following:Â   a service user has the right to decide which language to use with the Social Worker; individuals are able to communicate more effectively and contentedly in their preferred language; high-quality practice means offering service users an actual choice over language use; an all-embracing service of excellence in Wales means a bilingual service; and refusing this right is a way of oppressing an individual (Da vies, 1994: 60). In addition, particular sections of the Children Act 1989 place an obligation on agencies to take a childs language into consideration when assessing and providing services (Davies, 1994). The characteristics of the Act are influential with importance placed on partnership and consultation. Thus, it is stated that it is unfeasible to converse productively without using the preferred language of the child and family and their racial, cultural, religious and linguistic background must be taken into account (Davies, 1994). Moreover, Article 30 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 is comparable to the Children Act and declares that children who are members of an ethnic, religious or linguistic minority must not be deprived of the right to enjoy their culture, practice their religion, or use their language (cited in Welsh Assembly Government, 2004: 68). Therefore, every individual that converses in Welsh should be able to decide which language to use. Also, offering language choice provides the service user with appropriate power and an effective ability to speak. Effective social work practice also means undertaking assessments and providing services in the service users preferred language. Moreover, language appropriate provision should be considered under the scope of equal opportunities in the main, with the Welsh Language Act 1993 being a close comparative to other forms of legislation that advocate equality, such as, the Race Relations Act 1976 and the Human Rights Act 2000 (Scourfield, Holland and Young, 2008 ). Thus, it has been documented that language is not only a mode of communication; it is also a system by which an individual assembles their identity and their understanding of the world (Williams, 2007). Accordingly, social workers must strive to identify and respect diversity and to challenge inequalities and hardship (cited in Welsh Assembly Government, 2004: 14). To conclude, social work has the capacity to transform an individuals existence for the better due to the breadth of the role and the variety of its resources. Considerable improvements have been made by altering the way in which services are made available in Welsh communities. For example, social services in local government strive to safeguard adults who are vulnerable or at risk, promote social inclusion and support persons to live independently where this is possible (Williams, 2007). A consequence of the All-Wales Strategy for Older People was the creation of the National Service Framework for Older People in Wales and the establishment of the position of Commissioner for Older People to counteract discrimination and oppression and eventually to promote opportunities (Williams, 2007). Such standards of practice have been intensified through the Care Council for Wales and the Care and Social Services inspectorate for Wales (Scourfield et al, 2008). Additionally, the unique role enables social work practitioners to diverge from more formal practice and have contact with individuals and groups in their own homes or communities, in order to work in partnership rather than enforce solutions to difficulties (Pierson, 2002). Hence, it has been disputed that a unique quality of social work is found in the close attention it pays to individuals own understanding of their situation and to the informal processes by which client or user and social worker broker a solution (Jordan, 1987 cited in Pierson, 2002: XV). This distinctive practice approach presents numerous opportunities for social workers to address discrimination and exclusion, and ultimately promote equality and the inclusion of individuals and groups in society (Pierson, 2002). Bibliography Adams, R. , Dominelli, L. and Payne, M. (1998) Social Work: Themes, Issues and Critical Debates (Palgrave). Care Council for Wales Code of Practice (available online at http://www.ccwales.org.uk). Clark, C. (1998) Self-determination and Paternalism in Community Care: Practice and Prospects, British Journal of Social Work, 28, pp. 387-402. Davies, E. (1994) They all Speak Welsh Anyway: Yr iaith Gymraeg ac ymarfer gwrth-orthrymol; the Welsh Language and Anti-oppressive Practice (Caerdydd: CCETSW). Jordan, B. (1987) Rethinking Welfare (Oxford: Blackwell), cited in Pierson, J. (2002) Tackling Social Exclusion (Routledge). Joseph Rountree Foundation (2009) Monitoring poverty and social exclusion in Wales (available online at http://www.jrf.org.uk). International Federation of Social Workers (available online at http://www.ifsw.org.uk). Mattison, M. (2000) Ethical Decision Making: The Person in the Process, Social Work Vol.45 (3), pp.201-212. National Assembly for Wales 2009 Third Annual Report on Social Exclusion in Wales. Cardiff: National Assembly for Wales. Pierson, J. (2002) Tackling Social Exclusion (Routledge). Sayce, L. , (1998) From Psychiatric Patient to Citizen (Basingstoke: Macmillan). Scourfield, J. , Holland, S. and Young, C. (2008) Social Work in Wales Since Democratic Devolution, Australian Social Work, 61, pp. 42-56. Social Exclusion Unit (available online at http://www.social exclusion.gov.uk). Thompson, N. (1997) Anti-Discriminatory Practice (Macmillan Press LTD). Welsh Assembly Government (2004) Children and Young People: Rights to Action (available online at http://www.assemblywales.org). Welsh Assembly Government (2007) A Strategy for Social Services in Wales over the next Decade: Fulfilled Lives, Supportive Communities (available online at http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sitesplus/documents/829/WAG). Williams, C. , (2004) Access to Justice and Social Inclusion: The Policy Changes in Wales, Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law, 26(1) pp. 53-68. Williams, C. (2007) Social Policy for Social Welfare Practice in a Devolved Wales (Venture Press).

A Beat Memoir :: Literary Analysis, Johnson

Johnson constructs this bitter-sweet and lyrical memoir from her relationship with aspiring Beat writer Kerouac in 1957. Johnson re-creates her memoir from the confessional perspective she wishes to be heard, and she mentions Robert Lowell to emphasise this confessional element .The author â€Å"is behind the text, controlling its meaning,† using â€Å"intentionality† (Anderson, 1988, p2). Also Johnson uses her text as catharsis and as â€Å"self-defence† in response to Kerouac’s writings. (Lee, 2000, p.98) to reclaim the power she had relinquished to Kerouac. Johnson selects a bleak passage from Kerouac’s novel Bleak Angels, to illustrate his â€Å"woman hatred†: â€Å"For that lumpy roll flesh with the juicy hole I’d sit through eternities of horror in gray rooms ...† (p.133). Johnson wants her â€Å"revenge on history† (Gusdorf, in Onley, 1980, p.36), to retrospectively break a â€Å"silence that I finally wish to give up.† (p.262). The simple phrase, â€Å"the poems Hettie kept mute.† (p.262) links the silence of Glassman to the wider literary world where women have been excluded from the male canon. Johnson is writing in 1983 from the position of an experienced feminist, psychologically analysing how her relationship with Kerouac stifled her identity and how women adopt consensualised exploitation when they believe in â€Å"the curative powers of love as the English believe in tea ...† (p.128). The author uses the first person and the present tense for this recollection adding immediacy, as if now realising that â€Å"He could somehow cancel you out.† (p.128). Glassman mistakenly imagined she could cure Kerouac of his â€Å"blue, bruised eye† melancholy (p.128). In this memoir Johnson appears to privilege Kerouac, presenting him first, but this is so his personality can be analysed alongside Glassman’s and found to be wanting. Johnson as author uses Kerouac (as he appears to have used her) to work through her psychological issues from 1957 and 1983. Johnson does more than tell, she uses double subjectivity to let the reader understand the two Joyces, the naive one who â€Å"put on a lot of eye shadow† (p.127) to attract Kerouac, and the ‘other’ older woman who is â€Å"wondering all the same if it was true† (p.131), as the reader may be. Johnson demonstrates the â€Å"crucial link between author, narrator and protagonist,† (Lejeune in Anderson, p2). All three co-exist in the text, but none can be the real Johnson because, as Mandel argues, autobiography â€Å"pretends to be the whole life of the author† but â€Å"is a construction† (1980, p. A Beat Memoir :: Literary Analysis, Johnson Johnson constructs this bitter-sweet and lyrical memoir from her relationship with aspiring Beat writer Kerouac in 1957. Johnson re-creates her memoir from the confessional perspective she wishes to be heard, and she mentions Robert Lowell to emphasise this confessional element .The author â€Å"is behind the text, controlling its meaning,† using â€Å"intentionality† (Anderson, 1988, p2). Also Johnson uses her text as catharsis and as â€Å"self-defence† in response to Kerouac’s writings. (Lee, 2000, p.98) to reclaim the power she had relinquished to Kerouac. Johnson selects a bleak passage from Kerouac’s novel Bleak Angels, to illustrate his â€Å"woman hatred†: â€Å"For that lumpy roll flesh with the juicy hole I’d sit through eternities of horror in gray rooms ...† (p.133). Johnson wants her â€Å"revenge on history† (Gusdorf, in Onley, 1980, p.36), to retrospectively break a â€Å"silence that I finally wish to give up.† (p.262). The simple phrase, â€Å"the poems Hettie kept mute.† (p.262) links the silence of Glassman to the wider literary world where women have been excluded from the male canon. Johnson is writing in 1983 from the position of an experienced feminist, psychologically analysing how her relationship with Kerouac stifled her identity and how women adopt consensualised exploitation when they believe in â€Å"the curative powers of love as the English believe in tea ...† (p.128). The author uses the first person and the present tense for this recollection adding immediacy, as if now realising that â€Å"He could somehow cancel you out.† (p.128). Glassman mistakenly imagined she could cure Kerouac of his â€Å"blue, bruised eye† melancholy (p.128). In this memoir Johnson appears to privilege Kerouac, presenting him first, but this is so his personality can be analysed alongside Glassman’s and found to be wanting. Johnson as author uses Kerouac (as he appears to have used her) to work through her psychological issues from 1957 and 1983. Johnson does more than tell, she uses double subjectivity to let the reader understand the two Joyces, the naive one who â€Å"put on a lot of eye shadow† (p.127) to attract Kerouac, and the ‘other’ older woman who is â€Å"wondering all the same if it was true† (p.131), as the reader may be. Johnson demonstrates the â€Å"crucial link between author, narrator and protagonist,† (Lejeune in Anderson, p2). All three co-exist in the text, but none can be the real Johnson because, as Mandel argues, autobiography â€Å"pretends to be the whole life of the author† but â€Å"is a construction† (1980, p.