Native American Religion Essay -- Native American Culture

When Europeans first set foot upon the shores of what is now the United States they brought with them a social structure which was fundamentally based around their concept and understanding of Western European Christianity. That the indigenous peoples might already have a well-to-do civilization, including religious beliefs and practices, that closely paralleled the beliefs and practices of European civilization, was a concept not considered by these early explorers and settlers. This European lack of cultural understanding created tensions, between immanent Americans and Europeans, and by and by between Native Americans and Euro-Americans, that eventually erupted into open warfare and resulted in great bloodshed between cultures. For the Lakota peoples of North America, cultural misunderstanding culminated with Euro-American misinterpretation of the purpose of the Native American Ghost Dance with its related religious beliefs and the massacre of peaceful Native American Lakota p eople as they were attempting to flee to the safety of the Agency at Pine Ridge Reservation near Wounded Knee Creek in what is now the state of South Dakota. When contact was made with indigenous peoples, Europeans find that the languages of the indigenous peoples did not include words for worship or for God as Europeans understood these concepts. These Europeans considered themselves a civilized and pious people who lived according to the slipway and teachings of the Christian Bible and believed that this was the only proper and correct code of conduct. Believing that the lack of Native American words to identify and describe God and religion meant that these concepts did not exist within the culture and society of the indigenous peoples, the European... ...itor footnote be 8, Joseph Epes Brown, The Sacred Pipe Black Elks Account of the septet Rites of the Oglala Sioux, (Norman University of Oklahoma Press, 1989), 6. Editor footnote number 9, Joseph Epes Brown, The Sacre d Pipe Black Elks Account of the Seven Rites of the Oglala Sioux, (Norman University of Oklahoma Press, 1989), 6. Editor footnote number 9, Joseph Epes Brown, The Sacred Pipe Black Elks Account of the Seven Rites of the Oglala Sioux, (Norman University of Oklahoma Press, 1989), 6. Colin G. Calloway, First Peoples, (Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2008), 306. Ibid., 310. Ibid., 313. Ibid., 340. Colin G. Calloway, First Peoples, (Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2008), 312. Gregory E. Smoak, ghost dances and identity, (Berkeley University of California Press, 2008), 154. Ibid., 114. Ibid., 120. Ibid., 114.

Disability Worldwide Essay -- Health, Diseases

INTRODUCTIONWhen a person is growing inside of the womb, he or she automatically possess grotesque gifts or talents that could potentially change the way of life. Blessed with all their beautiful bodily features that operate towards perfection, love and acceptance from their families, peer groups, and communities surround them. They gain respect as individuals and can make their own decisions in life. However, that is non the case with all people. Some were born with one or no limbs, and they cannot function properly without assistance. Others with maven abnormalities, body disfigurement, and etcetera. Instead of earning respect from their community, they are targets for alienation, abuse, and social stigmatization. Disability is something they cannot rid themselves of It is a part of them. The main goal of the disabled is for their communities to accept them as unique individuals. DEFINITION OF DISABILITYDisability is best defined as a state of being disabled deprivation or want of ability absence of competent physical, intellectual, or moral power, means, fitness, and the like (Webster Multilingual Dictionary, 2006). Not all disabilities resulted in birth accidents or illnesses are one of the other reasons.LEVETICUS 2117-23 scriptural CONCEPT How does the bible interpret disability? In one passage referred to as Leviticus, the Lord spokeSpeak to Aaron, saying No creation of your descendants in succeeding generations, who has any defect, may approach to offer the bread of his God. For any man who has a defect shall not approach a man blind or lame, who has a marred face or broken hand, or is hunchback or a dwarf, or a man who has a defect in his eye, or eczema or scab is an eunuch. No descendant of ... ...m from the center because they felt that it was not of use to him and his mother was home from the hospital to assist for him. Nick told the staff that he spends the majority of his time in the bedroom and is carried upstairs without his wheelchair. Hi s social worker has made many attempts to see Nick, but to no avail. Although the social worker and staff show great concern over Nicks welfare, there was nothing they could do to assist him because he was no longer a minor and he had to be the one to make a complaint about his care or request alternative support arrangements.Despite the rules and regulations, some were meant to be broken in cases like this. It was as if the agency turned a blind eye to the situation or could not go beyond their job description. If the organizations, agencies, or families could or would not assist them, where else can they turn to?

We Must Promote Literacy in Florida :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

We Must Promote Literacy in FloridaShould to a greater extent be make to promote literacy in the state of Florida? The ability to read and write effectively is the most efficient tool a person can have. Out of entirely the subjects in school, reading should be emphasized above all. Children are spending too much time in front of the TV and not seemly time in front of a book According to the TV Turnoff Network, the average child watches 3 hours and 46 minutes of TV a day, thats more than 52 days of non-stop TV watching per year Actually, the average child spends more time watching television than in school. Yes, children at once are not spending nearly as much time reading and writing as they should be, but why is this a problem?Studies from the Kaiser Family root word show that the average child, between the ages of two and eighteen, spends almost twenty hours a week glued to the television screen, compared to the five hours he/she spends reading for fun. More than 60% of America n families have more than three TVs in their household, encouraging their children to grab the remote instead of a book. In the United States, the design of videos rented daily is six million, whereas the number of public library items checked out daily is three million, as said by the TV Turnoff Network.What did great deal do for fun before televisions could be found in every room? They read Because of recent technology, the emphasis has been put on reality TV shows and computer games, rather than a good book. Although technology is very beneficial to todays society, a plan must be devised to promote literacy in the state of Florida. Something must be done to promote literacy in the state of Florida In todays world, where the television and computer consume people, children should read more novels, which help to develop the brain.

The Urban Legend of a Witch in Maryland Essays -- Urban Legends Ghost

The Legend of Moll Dyer A Witch in bloody shamelandThe first time I heard this story was in Maryland. It was told by a woman in her thirties, who identified herself as being of Irish heritage, which made the story of Moll Dyer more close to her heart. She was also an anthropology major who has had contact with topical anaesthetic folklorists in the past. This is where she first learned of the story of Moll Dyer, which she recounted to me as followsMoll Dyer was an Irish immigrant to Saint Marys County, where people began to think she was a witch. When each(prenominal) of the children of the town became sick, the people blamed her and tried to kill her. She ran away from them and they chased her to a large rock. She placed one pay on the rock and raise the other hand towards the sky gestures with one hand lowered, flat, as if on the rock, and the other hand raised towards the sky, praying. She froze like that and you can still see her hand print on the rock. Ive actually seen it and put my hand in the place. Its pretty freaky since it really does fit a human hand. Its at the courthouse in St. Marys County if you want to go see it.Although most of the stories are relatively similar to this stochastic variable, there are slight differences or additions. In one of the other versions collected, it is said that Moll Dyer lived in a remote cottage outside of Leonardtown in St. Marys County in the 1700s. This version stated that, while most of the townspeople knew nothing of her past, they believed Moll Dyer was from a wealthy family and came to this country to escape some mysterious event. This version also gave more details of the history of the townspeoples interactions with Moll. According to this version, she was given the label of witch bec... ...parainvestigator/Maryland/Maryland.html. Maryland Ghost & Spirit Association. Maryland HauntingsSt. Marys County. Access date 6 April 2005. 2000-2005. http//www.marylandghosts.com/locations/stmar ys.php. Maryland Womens Heritage Trail. Access date 6 April 2005. http//www.marylandpublicschools.org/NR/rdonlyres/3DB5F819-6E1C-4917-8F43-5251C2D49C52/2474/MD_Heritage_41_50.pdf. MDP. Maryland, the old Supernatural Stomping Ground. Access date 6 Apr 2005. http//groups.msn.com/marylandtheoldsupernaturalstompingground/comingsoon.msnwShoemaker, Sandy. Tobaccor to Tomcats St. Marys County since the Revolution. StreamLine Enterprises Leonardtown MD. Circa 2002. http//access-somd.org/tobacco_to_tomcats/tobacco_to_tomcats.htm. United States Work Projects Administration (Md.). Records microform. Reel 23, frame 034037. 1933-43.

Ethical Issues Concerning Human Research Subjects :: Ethics Medicine Research

Ethical Issues Concerning Human Research Subjects in Phase I Cancer colligate Clinical trials Personal HistoryWhat are clinical trials and how are they brought about?Personal History On Mothers Day, May 9, 1999, my mother, Deborah Ann Hall was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. I sp death the majority of my day in a church, hoping and praying for some new and improved drug to come about for my mother. I thought, anything is possible, anything could happen and that she could survive. New drugs and treatments are genuine all the time. There is surely something for her. My father and I began our research on-line that night and all my hope began to fade. There was little known about pancreatic cancer at the time. Researchers and oncologists could not put their fingers on any successful treatment for this type of cancer. My mother was given a year to live. After a couple months of the regular, commonly used dosage treatments for pancreatic cancer, there were no results indic ating her tumors were shrinking or even that they had stopped growing. They still grew, but basically at a slower rate. It was at this point that my mothers doctor suggested applying for a clinical trial. The clinical trial family meeting was at my dinner confuse at my family home in Simi Valley, California. We sat my withered, lifeless, 44 year old mother down. My older brother sat at one end, my father at the other, I, across from her. We asked her and explained to her all of the possibilities involved with clinical trials. She was of course already aware of the many symptoms involved with chemotherapy, however we had to make it clear to her that there was a spirited possibility she would receive treatments that provide little or no treatment. Additionally she might receive treatments that her body cannot handle and there may be side effects previously unknown. It was at this point my mind cleared. I looked up at my mother, a woman who knew her time on earth was comin g to an end and thought, Who really holds the decision making here? Would she choose to receive this treatment if we were not here, begging her to stay alive? Is it worth the pain and torture?

Essay --

What is a flummox? A model is a simplified representation of public it does not constitute reality itself. Models purposely ignore certain aspects of reality and focus on selected and related sets of crucial factors (Segal and Spaeth 2002). In this paper, I will be discussing the three models and which model explains how justices behave the best the legal model, the attitudinal model, and the sage model. The legal model justices suffrage on their preference but when given the opportunity they would vote to overturn the precedent because it does not fit their personal opinions. The attitudinal model justices are provided with the best prediction on a given case to determine how to vote. The rational model is the last model that feeds off the other models. The justices for this model vote on their preferences and not on sides. I will describe how each model links into each other. The legal Model is the behavior of judges explaining the law while making decisions. Justices tend to m ake judgments based off past precedent. judge subscribe to the legal model for public consumption. J...

Essay --

What is a baffle? A model is a simplified representation of ingenuousness it does not constitute reality itself. Models purposely ignore certain aspects of reality and focus on selected and related sets of crucial factors (Segal and Spaeth 2002). In this paper, I will be discussing the three models and which model explains how justices behave the best the legal model, the attitudinal model, and the perspicacious model. The legal model justices ballot on their preference but when given the opportunity they would vote to overturn the precedent because it does not fit their personal opinions. The attitudinal model justices are provided with the best prediction on a given case to determine how to vote. The rational model is the last model that feeds off the other models. The justices for this model vote on their preferences and not on sides. I will describe how each model links into each other. The legal Model is the behavior of judges explaining the law while making decisions. Just ices tend to make judgments based off past precedent. settle subscribe to the legal model for public consumption. J...

Republic Day In India Essay

If there is any year more important in Indian history than 1947, it is 1950, the year in which India became a Sovereign, Socialist, Democratic, Republic. India obtained its independence on 15 August 1947 as a constitutional monarchy with George VI as head of call forth and the Earl Mountbatten as commandor-general. The country, though, did not yet have a permanent constitution instead its justices were based on the modified colonial Government of India Act 1935. On 28 August 1947, the Drafting Committee was appointed to draft a permanent constitution, with Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as chairman.A draft constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the Assembly on 4 November 1947. The Assembly met, in sessions open to public, for 166 days, spread over a period of 2 years, 11 months and 18 days in the beginning adopting the Constitution. After many deliberations and some modifications, members of the Assembly completed drafting of the deepest and the most detailed constitution of the world on 26 November 1949, which is celebrated as the law day, but it was enforced on 26 January1950 in order to honor the pledge of PURNA SWARAJ taken at the Lahore session of Indian national congress.Now, I would alike to discuss about the fact that Why a Country Needs a Constitution? It is said that, if men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, no controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government of men over men, the great difficulty lies in this You must graduation exercise enable the government to control the governed, and in the next place oblige it to control itself. Just as we have civil laws to restrain men in society, so we have constitutional laws to restrain men in power. Our Constitution is not just a mere set of fundamental laws that form the terra firma of governance of our country but it embodies and reflects certain basic values, philosophy and objectives that were held very dear to our founding fath ers.These values do find expression in confused articles and provisions of our Constitution and mostly, the Preamble to our Constitution embodies the fundamental values and the philosophy on which the Constitution is based. Our Constitution has made unity in diversity possible. plainly unfortunately, todays scenario is not the one which our constitution makers must have thought of. In present times, people have lost the feeling of patriotism, they affray on small issues and have ruined Indias potential, which could make India a super power.Today people are not proud of being an Indian, and hence it is our duty, my friends, to instinct the feeling of patriotism in every person we meet and thus, every year we celebrate Republic Day on 26th January to orient respect and honor to our nation and the leaders who sacrificed their lives for the sake of INDIA. So, on this special day, lets promise our motherland that we will do everything to enrich and touch our heritage, our ethos and our treasure, Happy Republic Day.

A Closer Look On Being A Fangirl Essay

Youve probably heard the word yellowish brown fille before. Youve probably level dropped it in integrity of your conversation or even read it when you were surfing the net. But what exactly does the word rooter girl mean? What does it mean to be a fan girl?A fan girl, according to dictionary.reference.com, is a person obsessed with any other single subject or hobby it may be an actor or a fictional character. It is a person who has a compulsive dedication to a music artist. She is someone who does various amours to show love to her nonesuch. Such activities include talk virtually them al nearly all day and creating graphics (wallpapers, layouts, etc) that feature the idol. Some also collect posters and other merchandise of their beloved idol. Others even save up their allowances to go to the concerts of their idols.Nowadays, when a person hears the word fan girl, they immediately refer it with negative things. Fan girl is always pre-packaged with negative con nonations abo ut screaming teenagers, chilblained obsession and certain shallowness of interest. And since it is associated with unhealthy obsession, most people, especially the parents, believe that being a fan girl is a bad thing because it detracts her from her studies. bulk believe that instead of focusing on her studies, a fan girl chooses to obsess over her idol/s.When she gets home, instead of doing her home works right away, she would quite an sit in front of the computer and look for pictures and videos of her idols to see what they were doing during the day. She would even be on Google and chouse eitherthing about her idols as much as she git. She would be fantasizing on how she would be able to meet her idol in the future. She would be doing all these first before doing her tasks as a student. And this is why parents often associate being a fan girl as a bad thing, for they only know these things. They dont know that being a fan girl brings out something very good in every teenag er. Becoming a fan girl happens when you idolize someone. You idolize someone not skillful because of the amount of wealth that she has or because of her physical attributes.You idolize someone because of her character. Because of this, you have someone to look up to. You have a role model. And since you have this idol as your role model, you go by on everything that you do because you are inspired by your idol. Birds of the same feather flock together. When you become a fan girl, you clear up more friends. Believe me, I speak from experience. When you get to meet other people who have the same interests as you, you instantly become friends with them. You talk about why you became a fan girl, your idol, the number of albums and posters you have collected. And similarly, you also talk about your personal life as well, as you gradually begin to break up to this new friend of yours.Aside from that, you learn how to save money when you become a fan girl. Since you want to buy certai n things such as the posters and albums of your idol/s or even go and watch their concert, youd save up your allowance. You provide gradually learn to value money because it is not easily earned. You will learn how to sacrifice in order to get what you want instead of always asking from your parents. You will come to know that not everything in this world will be given to us right away. Most of the time, you need to work very hard to make ends meet. Lastly, the activities done by a fan girl relieves stress. Every day when he/she goes home after a long day at school, a fan girl will immediately sit in front of the computer or laptop and watch videos or gaze at pictures of her idols.This is her way of relieving stress from a very long and tiring day at school. Now this is the thing that other people dont know about fan girls, most especially their parents. For them, this is their own simple way of dealing with all of the hardships and stress they are experiencing every day. And for m e, this is indubitably true because I do this almost every day. When these fan girls see their idols smile or even hear their voice, its like all the weariness that they feel melts away in an instant. Of course it doesnt really go away, but then at the very least they gain the strength to cover up and finish a long and stressful day. It is because of their idols that they continue to move forward. I think that this is one very positive side of being a fan girl because one gets to relieve herself from all the stress. And it hence is a good thing because instead of doing other things, like drinking alcohol and smoking, she would rather look at pictures or watch videos of her idols to uplift herself. specify about it.This is so much better than resorting to vices like drinking, smoking and gambling. I think most parents should be thankful that their daughters who are fan girls are honorable watching pictures and videos of their idols or even practicing the dance steps to their idol s dances instead of finding them outside doing vices. We never know that because of being a fan girl, she might excel in everything that she does. You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view until you climb inside of his skin and walk around it (Lee 30). This is what harpist Lee wrote in her book, How To Kill A Mockingbird. Its the same with being a fan girl.You can never say that it is a bad thing unless you have tried to do it. Most people may view it as something negative, but I most certainly dont. Being one has even helped me cope up with stress that I feel especially that I am now out of my comfort zone. We might not reconcile it, but we people tend to judge something or someone without even knowing or hearing the other side of the story. Little do we know that fan girls excel on what they do because theyre very inspired to reach their dream. Moreover, they are motivated by the thought that their idol/s will recognize them one day not only as a fan but as a successful person who her idol can be proud of.Works CitedLee, Harper. How To Kill A Mockingbird. Warner books, 1960.Print.

Hrm598 Case Study 2

HRM 598 Case Study Getting and employ Compensation Information Compensation is a systematic approach to providing m cardinaltary value to employees in substitution for work performed. Compensation may achieve several purposes assisting in recruitment, conjecture performance, and job satisfaction. Compensation is a tool used by management for a variety of purposes to further the existence of the party. Compensation may be ad neverthelessed according to the business needs, goals, and available resources. The three c beers I chose for this case study argon Public Relations Specialist, High School Teacher, and Project Coordinator. The reason for me choosing these specific c beers was that Ive held each one at some point in time. In this case study we will examine why each job has different wage ranges and why. Question 1 Doing this research Ive come to take chances that out of the three jobs that I selected, a project coordinator is paid the most on median(a). The project coordina tor is paid $89,509 a yr on total.I was shocked to pay back out that out of the three cargoners chosen, that a national relations specialist is paid the least of all three. The public relations specialist on average is paid $45,931 a form. I expected that the project coordinator position would be the highest paid out of the three, however I did not expect for the teacher to be paid more ($53,447 a year on average) than the public relations specialist. I expected the teacher to be paid the least of all three. usually teachers are thought to be paid the least when comparison to other professions.Some factors that could play a part in the difference could be number of long time worked (teachers usually hurt a 9 month work year), levels of responsibility the job carries (project coordinators are generally in charge of seeing an operation with from beginning to end) whether or not the company is private or state funded (teachers are usually employees of the state, less money is involved) are some factors that could possibly be the differences in pay just to name a few. Question 2 Different jobs come with different benefit packages, and thats just how the cookie crumbles.Project coordinators on average make $7,217 on average a year in bonuses. The project coordinators have the highest bonuses out of three companies selected. Next out of the three is public relations specialist. The public relation specialists on average make $532 in bonuses a year. Lastly we have the teachers. Teachers make $0 in bonuses a year on average. Teachers may have the most important job in the public eye, but in terms of bonuses there is no merit to egress bonuses. Teachers are expected to show up and teach the students so that they will do well on the state test.The project coordinator on the other elapse makes a nice little penny when it comes to bonuses. Project coordinators have a lot of tasks to accomplish with a short period of time to do so. When deadlines are met or beat certain bonuses may be awarded. Bonuses in this field are performance based. When dealing with public relations specialist its tricksy to talk about bonuses. Some factors that effect bonuses in this field are, is the company private owned or are you working for a person, what field you are doing PR in just to name a few. Depending on what pay scale the company has in place could affect how bonuses are line up up as well.Question3 Stock alternatives are benefits in the form of an option given by a company to an employee to buy occupation in the company at a discount or at a stated fixed price. With the selective tuition that was present for these three careers, there was no stock option culture available. To me the Teacher is the only professions out of the three that I think arent allowed stock options. There are no stocks in public schools, so you cant earn something that doesnt exist. Project coordinator and public relations specialist are entitled to stock options.The dete rmining factors to whether or not stock options are made available lye solely with company. If the company offers stock options, the people who are in the public relations specialist and project coordinator positions are eligible, it just supposes on the company. Teachers cant get them, because they are not offered in that public sector. Question4 After reading the job descriptions for the three careers I chose, I instal the program coordinator and the public relations specialist descriptions were pretty much right on the money, however the teaching description was acking and left a lot to be desired. The description for the program coordinator was right on the money. It gives you an accurate run down on whats expected from the position, and what is required to fulfill the position at its uttermost capacity. The description I read for the public relations specialist may have been the best one. The description given for this job painted a deport and accurate picture of the positi on. From my personal fellowship the description I read for the teaching position was generic and lacking of substance. It didnt quite detail what the job entails in detail.I think the descriptions were worded to give the job seeker an overall look on of the job. Question 5 After researching these positions in my local playing field my findings were not that surprising. The area I did my study for was boodle, IL, and Chicago wages are a lot higher than most other cities. The reason why I think Chicago wages are higher than most is due to the price of backup for one. Another is the Illinois state tax is higher than most cities as well. Location is one of the biggest reason I can say as to why the pay grades are higher here in Chicago.Some factors that play a part in status that effects pay could be, but not expressage to crime, taxes, cost of living, and environmental conditions. With the public relations specialist, and program coordinator positions, their pay is 7% higher in the city of Chicago. Teachers in Chicago on average make $14,670 more than the average stated on the websites. These findings really werent surprising at all, they were distinguish of expected. Question 6 The information on this site would be very(prenominal) beneficial to a graduate fresh out of college doing their contract negotiations.I would use the information in my negations by starting off with getting a clear understanding of my duties going off the description set forth by the website. The website gives hot information to start a stipend negotiation, because it gives you a median to start your negotiation off with. When doing these negotiations I would show the median metrical composition for the task set forth by the description giving. A few factors that might have a bearing on the salary could be but not limited too location, the companys revenue intake, years of experience, and education level just to name a few.Question 7 The labor markets for these particular job s are cock-a-hoop in the sense of the fact that these careers have markets all over the world and in many different fields. When talking about labor markets you have to reckon that labor markets may be local or national in their scope and are made up of smaller, interacting labor markets for different qualifications, skills, and geographical locations. They depend on the exchange of information between employers and job seekers about wage rates, conditions of employment, level of competition, and job location.People working in the three fields Im covering in this case study are recruited all over the country to fill positions they are qualified for. The geographical location of these jobs plays a coarse part in the salary wages paid out. After doing some research it seems like southern rural states have the lowest paying wages. Using the teacher position for example, a teacher starts of at $32,400 a year in Jackson, MS, but that same teacher would start of at 44,230 a year in th e suburbs of Chicago. Geographical location plays a major part in wages.In the States of Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee and Georgia all these positions are paid less than states such as Illinois, vernal York, Washington D. C, Florida, and Dallas. Question 8 The median teaching salary was $52,447 on average for the year. The minimal salary is $34,327, thats an $18,120 difference. Geographical location plays a huge part in these wages and the differences. Like I stated before the rural and southern locations generally have the lowest wages. The highest pay on average for a teacher is $71,093 a year, thats an $18,646 difference from the median salary.The median salary for a public relations specialist is $45,931 dollars a year. The minimal salary for this position is $34,121 a year, theres an $11,810 difference in the pay. The highest level of pay for this position is $55,657, theres a $9,726 difference. In this position, bigger cities have the best market for this career. A program coordinator income on average is $89,509 a year. This career is paid rather well. The lowest average salary is 68,779 a year, thats a $20,730 difference. The highest pay on average for this position is $116,436 a year, thats a $26,927 difference.The higher pay is usually located in major cities, with too large populations. There is a large number in variations in these salaries. Some factors that can play a part in these variations are but not limited too education, geographical location, years on jobs, the employers financial state just to name a few. Question 9 The information on www. salary. com is very sufficient. What makes me think this that they covered all bases? I feel they go above and beyond, especially the fact they have their compensation advisers create a composite view for each job utilize a proprietary mathematical model built by Salary. om. The model takes into account the statistical reliability of each data point, the robustness of the data within each data poi nt, the effective date of the data reported, and the industry, geography, or company size biases within each survey. What else leads me to believe that the information is accurate is that they also have their compensation consultants have collected and reviewed data covering more than 29 million individuals working at more than 16,000 companies. The implications of using inaccurate data can be fatal to the potential employer and employee.Having the wrong salary information could have an employer paying an employee too much for the position, and or offense versa. The implications of wrong salary data could be very detrimental. It could affect the employer and or employee for a long amount of time. Question 10 Although salary. com is free and has tons of utile information, hiring a consultant could still be very beneficiary to the company. The information provided on salary is self-possessed from a wide range of data. Information gathered for the site may lean heavily toward a part icular geographical location.Hiring the outside consultant could give you the actual numbers in your geographical area. The consultant could possibly provide more realistic numbers for the company. The hiring of the consultant could also be done to double check or just verify the numbers for the companys own edification. Question 11 As a director you have many responsibilities, and one of those responsibilities is paying your employees. As a manager there are a few reasons I could think of to justify paying an employee more than what salary. com suggest. One reason is internal equity.A manager should review the experience of the employee in relation to his position on the salary scale when justifying his or her salary. Another factor is that of external equity. A manager should review the employees prior salary history. Another factor is market forces. Managers can justify offering more money in a period of economic growth, particularly when numerous companies are competing to attr act the best employees. Another factor that may play a role in offering more than salary. com could be geographical location. If the cost of living is steady rising, a manager might offer more to compensate in that rise of the cost of living.These are a few factors that would heavily put to work my decision as a manager. Completing this case study enlighten me on many things that I would have never thought of. I never imagined that the teacher would be making more than the public relations specialist. Another thing that this case study opened my mind up to was location. Geographical location can be the difference in thousands of dollars of pay. Geographical location embodies a lot of sub factors. Some factors are but not limited to taxes, cost of living, and weather and work conditions. This case study was very insightful and beneficial.Bibliography 1. ) www. salary. com 2. ) http//smallbusiness. chron. com/managers-justify-paying-employees-high-low-14526. html 3. ) http//swz. sala ry. com/docs/salwizhtmls/methodology. html 4. ) http//smallbusiness. foxbusiness. com/legal-hr/2011/04/25/picking-best-pay-structure-business/ 5. ) http//www. mde. k12. ms. us/school-financial-services/school-financial-services-teacher-salary-schedule 6. ) http//money. usnews. com/careers/best-jobs/public-relations-specialist 7. ) http//www. indeed. com/salary/Program-Coordinator. html 8. ) http//www. wikipedia. org/

Assess Whether Pericles Was a Good or Bad Leader Essay

Pericles (C. 495-429 BC) was a very influential politician and general in Athens. He is said to have brought about a very important beat in Athenian history cognise as The Golden Age of Athens where he brought about or placed focus on received things ilk art, which gave Athens the reputation as the cultural and educational centre of Ancient Greece, architecture, where he created a project to beautify the city and provide compute for Athenians with most of its products like the Parthenon still surviving and giving us an idea of the glory of Athens. He also make valuable contributions to drama, the bringing about of land and the establishment of the Greek empire. Democracy, which allows all citizens to influence and be involved in the running of the state was a concept reaffirmed by Pericles. This is why he make sure he played a major role in the ostracizing of Cimon who was characterized as being a tyrant. Other historians may argue that Pericles ulterior motif for doing that w as to ensure that he came into power with his main opposition out of the way but for a valet de chambre who made so some(prenominal) important advancements for the Athenians, I strongly believe he did it not with the intention of capturing power but helping give the Athenians a voice.This made him a very great governmental loss draw as he was able to rid the state of the many problems of dictatorship and oligarchy like corruption which was further emphasized by one of his antiquated admirers, Thucydides who said, he kept himself untainted by corruption, although he was not altogether indifferent to money-making He excelled all his fellow citizens in skills of harangue (Diodorus Siculus) The art of oratory has been a r be skill possessed by very few people who turned out to deliver some of the most well known speeches in history. Oratory has been a very influential tool for some of the worlds greatest leaders and Pericles falls in that category of leaders with exceptional skil ls. People such as Abraham Lincoln whos famous speech, the Gettysburg Address gained parallels to Pericles great funeral oration by the American Civil War scholar, Garry Wills which leads many to believe that one of the greatest young speakers drew inspiration from Pericles.This gesture alone shows the great oratory skills of a great man in Athenian history. This extraordinary ability is attested to by Thucydides who once again was full of praise for the famous Athenian when asked about whether he or Pericles was the better fighter by the Spartan king, Archidamus. Without hesitation Thucydides said Pericles was better and justified it by saying that even when he was defeated, he managed to convince the audition that he had won. This shows how he was able to persuade and influence the Athenians which even though some may say was manipulative and defeated the concept of democracy gave the simple Athenian citizen thought provoking ideas to make an informed choice. His speaking skill s, which were able to draw the exact emotions got from the Athenian people was however criticized by people like the poet, Ion, who says that Pericles had an arrogant and somewhat big-headed manner of talking, and that into his pride there entered a good deal of disrespect and dislike for others.This is highly debatable as we ar supposititious to believe a person who says Pericles had a good deal of disrespect and dislike for others, the same Pericles who put the true Athenian people first and made sure they had a say in how their home state was ruled. By that observation alone I believe Ions quote about Pericles should be discarded as total rubbish and the ranting of a person simply envious of his (Pericles) ability. Plutarch mentions in his criticism of Pericles about the strange occurrence in Agaristes (Pericles mother). He says, She, in her dreams, once fancied that she had given birth to a lion and a few days thereafter bore Pericles. I do not believe this is actually counts as a criticism of him because even though a lion may be a dicey animal, its traditional symbolism of greatness should be taken into account. Other symbolic attributes for a lion are strength, courage, power, royalty, dignity, authority, dominion, justice, wisdom and ferocity which I believe are all attributes displayed by Pericles in both his political and military career.Ancient Greek symbolism for a lion is the protector of the home and Pericles really showed that in the battles protecting his beloved home, Athens. There is also the argument of whether Pericles was actually a leader or just got carried away by the masses. Plutarch said, he was no eternal the same man as before, nor alike submissive to the people and ready to yield and give in to the desires of the multitude as a steersman to the breezes. Here, Plutarch suggests, Pericles had no leadership over the Athenians and that he put the city in chaos to do as they could do what they want which is supported by others sayin g he made the Athenians idle, talkative and greedy (Plato). This motion would however have to be rejected with strong evidence against it in his speeches and oratory skills. Thucydides offered the correct leadership behavior of Pericles by arguing that Pericles was not carried away by the people, but he was the one guiding the people.The evidence, as said in the last paragraph is in his great speeches and his ability to draw a certain reaction from the Athenian people and so though some may argue that he left hand the Athenians with no authoritative leader which could only be gained through other methods of governing like dictatorships, he offered a better alternative as he served to a greater extent as a sort of guardian for the Athenian people and guided them to make predominantly good choices like getting rid of the tyrant, Cimon. Pericles, for more than 20 years was involved in the military. He led many expeditions mainly naval ones. He was a wise and cautious military leader and he never went into battles that were mostly likely a wild goose chase for the Athenian people. This was a great attribute for a military leader because he did not just march his men on to grounds when the odds were not in their favour to have them killed or running patronise to Athens with their tails between their legs.He avoided the high risk of losses and instead chose each battle wisely and as such there are no major criticisms of his Periclean Grand Strategy which sought to preserve, not expand, the empire, this strategy could not reach completion however as his successors changed everything and lacked the military abilities and character that caused it to officiate under Pericles. Pericles bequest cannot be understated as most of it still survives till like a shot. The concept of democracy practiced by all free states in the modern world and used as a measure of a countrys justice and fairness is one of them. His most visible legacy however is found in the artistic and literary works of the Golden Age and The Acropolis, though in ruins, is still a great symbol of modern Athens and a remembrance of a great man that once roamed those very streets.I believe Pericles was a great leader both in politics and in the military and I also support the idea that his abilities in both areas caused the famous bust statue of him around to have a helmet posing on top of his head to show the two equally talented faces of the great leader that is Pericles. In the movie The Dark Knight (2008), the character Harvey turn famously says to the lead, Batman, You either die a hero or live long enough to see yourself become the villain. I believe its the last mentioned that caused the ostracizing of Pericles because there is no evidence that he did anything major to deserve that sort of punishment but even if his story with the Athenians should end on a shitty note, I believe he still is one of the greatest leaders in Ancient History and even if he wasnt perfect, I mean , who is? and had a few flaws and bad traits, he still ensured that Athens was a major part in history and the effect he had is still present today in modern day Athens.

A Critique of the Lin Article Essay

Lin, Mack, Enright, and Baskin (2004) state that prior to the writing of this article petulance and related emotions have already been associated as triggers deep down the realm of substance abuse. As way of illustration the authors cite the Project Match 12-step facilitation therapy manual which states that Anger and resentment are pivotal emotions for most recovering alcoholics (Nowinski, Baker, & Carroll, as found in Lin et al, 2004, p. 1114). The traditional therapeutic method of choice inwardly pr for each oneing settings has been that of fretfulness management.The focus of this form of treatment is in establishing surface level coping mechanisms by attempting to teach patients to more effectively manage or express anger rather than actually decrease their anger (Dakken et al, 1995 as found in Lin et al, 2004 p. 1114). The authors amaze that there is insufficient documentation related to the efficacy of this approach. An alternating(a) approach has been developed by a nu mber of exploreers titled Forgiveness Therapy (FT).FT states that speckle anger, resentment and different accompanying related emotions are correct responses to severe violations, harmful results are attributed to the same on a daily basis. The therapeutic goal, therefore, is in assisting the client in working towards educating the client regarding healthy forgiveness as a choice. The authors advise that Robust results have been found when FT has been applied to certain(a) populations and has been shown to decrease the frequency and severity of anger, anxiety and depression rather than simply improving individuals ability to cope with these emotions (Lin et al, 2004, p. 115). Lin et al, (2004) chose support for the validity of FT by presenting the surmisal that inpatient clients for substance abuse treatment who received FT would demonstrate less anger, depression, anxiety, and vulnerability to substance abuse than similar clients who received traditional anger management treat ment. Subjects were randomly chosen within a treatment center to receive either FT or Alcohol and Drug Counseling (ADC) treatment from a group of suggested participants. All were diagnosed as substance abusers. distributively participated in four instruments The EFI, which is a sixty item self-report measure of self forgiveness, the BD1-11, which measures symptoms related to depression, the CSE1 which evaluates attitudes towards self, and STAI which assesses anxiety. Each participant also became involved in a 12 week program, either within the FT procedure or the ADC procedure. The ending result support the original hypothesis for the researchers in that the FT group demonstrated significantly greater improvement from pretest to posttest (Lin et al, 2004, p. 117), as good as a marked digression in retention of improvements between the two therapeutic groups aft(prenominal) four weeks apart from the therapy sessions. The authors did present five cautions. The first was the lack o f being able to vulgarise the findings of the study due to the size of the testing. The second is the degree to which resentments are the norm within clients treatment histories.The third caution is related to the regard for the client to persevere within the therapy due to the length and depth of the therapy involved. The fourth caution is related to providing time for follow up data beyond the sign four month time frame which was provided for the purposes of this study. The fifth caution is that there may have possibly been some unforeseen effects by the healer involved within the experiment since only one therapist conducted therapy for both groups.The authors summarize their findings by stating that chemical dependency issues may be linked to or are a result of unresolved negative emotional issues such as anger and resentment, and that future study of comparing and contrasting FT with more traditional anger management may continue to reinforce the advantage of therapeuticall y engaging in root issues rather than simply reinforcing traditional anger management daily coping methods. Critique of the Title From this researchers perspective the overall title is effective and appropriate.It is sufficiently specific while remaining properly concise. The formulate provides a descriptive picture of the contents of the article while remaining under twenty words. The title also properly identifies the type of participants in the study, as well as the variables which are analyzed. The authors remain open of utilizing jargon and acronyms which might be unknown to the audience (Pyrczak, 2008, p. 20). Pyrczak advises that it is normally unwise for the title of an article to announce the results of the study (Pyrczak, 2008, p. 16).The authors of this article prove to be careful to not reveal the ultimate findings, while still causing interest by the use of their description. It is clear that the authors of this article took careful consideration in the formatting of this preliminary descriptor. Critique of the Abstract Overall this abstractedness is effective and appropriate. It intelligibly presents the purpose of the article in a clear and concise manner. The authors reveal the foundational underpinnings, the resulting hypothesis as well as the study group utilized for the overall experimentation.Highlights of the study are provided in the form of mentioning a general overview of the Forgiveness Therapy as well as indicating a favorable outcome linked to the hypothesis. The abstract did not become restrain with titles of specific measures, except to indicate that there was a 12 week time frame of counseling sessions. While not giving specific statistics, the abstract was clear in concluding that not only were the results of this research positive, but that the authors felt confident to advise that this study substantiated the role of FT as a viable alternative for residential drug treatment.Critique of the Literature Review Overall, the lit erature review portion of this article is appropriate as well as informative. The purpose of the article along with the give tongue to hypothesis logically flows from the abstract. For example, while reading the article the specific problem knowledge base which the authors are addressing is identified within the first paragraph, and this topic of concern is carried throughout the course of the article.Not only do the authors identify the problem area, that of levels of anger and violence observed among alcohol and other substance abusers (Lin et al, 2004, p. 114) but they also emphasize the gravity of the situation by providing specifics regarding the correlation between said negative emotions and the inability of addicts to remain sober. This provides the reasoning tail why greater development in this area within therapy needs to be addressed. In so doing the authors were also careful to properly cite sources for literal statements which reinforced their supposition. In so doin g, they were careful to not inundate the article with an over abundance of cited material, leaving sufficient room for their own findings.While skeleton out the concerns related to the anger and resentment issues at hand, the authors provide a well developed summary of both the Forgiveness Therapy model as well as the Anger Management Modules. The authors also provided clear and concise definitions of the instruments utilized within the study as well as providing well illustrated table in cooperation with the results of the study, and how those results can be interpreted with each instrument, and how they correlate with each other.For example not only does the article provide a Topic List for each group, (Lin et al, 2004, p. 1117 Table 1) it also provides a significant breakdown of the Means and Standard Deviation for Dependent Variables related to both study groups (Lin, Table 2, p. 1118). The only area in which this researcher may see the Literature Review as somewhat weak is in the fact that the latest research which is available within the article is from the year 2004, due to the age of the article in question. That being said, however, over all this is a well crafted review.Critique of Research Questions The hypothesis stated in this article leaves no room for questioning what it specifically entails. After providing a detailed foundation of why FT is a viable alternative in various counseling arenas as opposed to ADC, the authors then clearly state that they hypothesized that individuals in residential treatment for alcohol and drug dependence after receiving treatment augmented by FT, would demonstrate less anger, depression, anxiety and vulnerability to substance use and more self esteem than those receiving ADC treatment. Lin et al, 2004, p. 1115). This hypothesis clearly provides not only a reference and a background of a therapy it also provides specific measured goals, and goals which can be contrasted by other measurable goals, within and on be half of a specific demographic.Each of the specific parts of the hypothesis are logically developed within the literature review, and the developed research proves to be appropriate for the investigation at hand, albeit with specific concerns related to limitations which naturally apply due to the extra nature of the study in regards to amount of participants, limited amount of time for follow up study for the initial research, and some concern over possible biases inherent due to the fact that one therapist facilitated both study groups.

Merrill Lynch-Bank of America Merger

Ethics is a branch of doctrine that focuses on the vertical, philosophical characteristics from formal, systematic and honorable principles. Moral judgments ar calculated from ethical principles which need to be applied as a standard for everyday choices in life and business. This is directly related to the decisions human beings make. Cavico (2009) states utilitarianism is more than just moral philosophy. It is a way of reformation and used extensively in administration decision making. This go away be discussed further in the bevel of the States-Merrill kill coalition.Utilitarianism is considered a scientific system of ethics and not just a philosophical theory of ethics. Utilitarian ethics follows the belief of maximizing the greatest good for the largest bout of people. As utilitarianism is identified, one needs to learn that the greatest good could be based on aggregate principle or a distributive principle. The vernacular of America-Merrill kill merger entrust be as sessed in regards to who, what and how the greater good will be affected in this merger. Within utilitarianism, a moral philosophy is developed that focuses on the consequences of specific works.An action is done, then observed and then analyzed. After identifying all the people that were involved, one needs to ask the question, Do the gibe of good consequences outweigh the sum of the bad consequences? Quantify all the good and bad consequences in the scenario and if the good consequences be greater than the bad consequences then the action was moral and vice versa. In this paper, the actions of the bound of America-Merrill Lynch merger will be discussed, evaluated and quantified with the Richard DeGeorge Utilitarian perspective.Pinpointing the stakeholders in this case will show who was direct and indirectly affected and how they were affected. Furthermore, it will be discussed the overall affect it had on society from a world-wide perspective, reaction from competitive marke ts and the economic impact it created within the linked States and worldwide. Critical points and actions will dominate the course of action on how utilitarian ethics was applied in this situation. Identifying the idiosyncraticist people or groups that were in this scenario will be evaluated on a pleasure v. ain scale where it will show the extent of good or bad in the situation and the contingent outcomes that followed. The pleasure v. pain comparison will then be quantified on a grading scale that represents extreme pleasures and pains in Bank of America-Merrill Lynch merger. After totaling up the good and the bad points, it will determine if the actions in this merger were moral. In late 2008, Bank of America and Merrill Lynch were in negotiations for a business drive. Bank of America was going to deal Merrill Lynch for one of the largest bank mergers and acquisitions in the world.On the surface, Bank of America thought the merger was a good idea and a good business bang to pursue. Former Chief Executive of Bank of America, Kenneth Lewis, and the board of Bank of America saw this business deal as a way to expand into different sectors of the monetary markets and strengthen many of its counterparts. With all the extensive financial records of both companies and balance sheet assessments, the deal looked great for smooth sailing. Catastrophically, the deal went through and contributed towards a massive failure in our financial markets that affected and crippled everyone worldwide.The private deal that once seemed so good has now become a nightmare. All of a sudden, the government has stepped in and has announced it will give twenty billion dollars in assist from tax payers money. Investors and the public were shocked manything of this magnitude was happening and felt betrayed, cheated and crippled. Within all the mayhem, the actions that will be evaluated come from Merrill Lynch and Bank of America and their failures to disclose pertinent financial i nformation that would shake off shown greater issuees than expected.United States (2009) stated the lack of transparency to investors and to the public showed that there was a prejudicial atmosphere among them that they feared to disclose from the public. In addition to this, rumors circulated that the government had ties to this merger and flexed its power in come out to make the merger happen. There were a great bar of people affected in this merger. Merrill Lynch as a company was being bought out in order to be salve financially. Merrill Lynchs investors, shareholders and CEO, John Thain were a part of this corporation.Bank of America was the number one candidate for purchasing Merrill Lynch at the time. Bank of Americas investors, shareholders and CEO, Kenneth Lewis were all a part of this major merger. United States (2009) includes the Secretary of the Treasury, Hank Paulson and Chairman of the Federal Reserve, Ben Bernanke were on the governmental side of this merger th at apparently knew what was going on and forcefully make Bank of America buyout Merrill Lynch. This merger can also contribute to affecting the general public, global economies cross the world and the financial banking industry. As this case develops, there is uncertainty that Merrill Lynch and former CEO, John Thain, have to reveal massive amounts of losses and at one point a fourth quarter loss of fifteen billion dollars. In response, former CEO of Bank of America, Kenneth Lewis analyzes this and decides it may not be a good idea to pursue the merger. Secretively, the Fed, Paulson and Bernanke force Lewis to buy into the deal because if he doesnt this could create a complete and total meltdown of the financial systems.Utilitarian ethics was used by considering the global economy the government had to step in to minimize the blow as best as they could to help the greater good of society. In addition to this, there has been speculation that if Lewis hides these vast losses before th e merger and reveals them after the merger he could gain more government help in regards to the massive hit Bank of America now faces. Although the economy is in a meltdown and financial banks are getting hit harder than ever before, this merger may prove to save some of our largest financial institutions and lessen the blow of a complete loss for the global economy.On one spectrum of the scale we have the financial banks abusing high leverage investments in order to gain more money without caring about negative consequences but then on the other hand, the nation is faced with minimizing damages and saving as much as it can because in a result of total loss, the public could be in a greater state economic loss. With Merrill Lynch being saved and Bank of America taking on the bigger role of keeping afloat, Merrill Lynch now has the opportunity to be bought out and saved compared to total collapse and bankruptcy.In this case, it was a smart move for Merrill Lynch to be acquired by Ban k of America and a foreseeable good in the upcoming of the financial markets. Kenneth Lewis took the daunting task of acquiring Merrill Lynch and the bad debt expense that the company brought with it. Acquiring Merrill Lynch would stomach a huge blow to Bank of America at first but restructuring and getting government help in the merger would prove to be a successful task that would provide foreseeable good in the future. Some people believe that Paulson and Bernanke used their governmental power to make this merger happen.Bank of Americas Acquisition (2009) states they pressure Kenneth Lewis to buyout Merrill Lynch and if not Kenneth Lewis and the board of Bank of America would have been terminated. Although this may have been a threatening action, it was in the governments best intimacy to make this merger go through or a total collapse of the financial markets would be devastating for the American population and further feed into global chaos. It is a very tough situation to assess but following Utilitarianism considered the greater good of the population and this needed to be done.In addition to this, individual investors were hit very hard with the downturn of the economy. In many cases, people lost more than cubic decimeter percent of their investments which sounds terrible but comparing it to a nongovernmental bailout, those individuals would be left with nothing. In this research study, it is needed to define the severity of good and bad consequences for each individual or group that was affected in this case on a numerical grading scale. Each individual or group will be considered according to the Richard DeGeorge Utilitarian approach.The scale will be ranked from +5 being the best and -5 being the worst situation from a pleasure versus pain standpoint. Merrill Lynch being bought out by Bank of America is more of a good thing. Ranking it at +2 gives Merrill Lynch and Bank of America merger the positive side because without this merger people wou ld be in greater amounts of trouble. Ranking a +1 for investors and shareholders of each company provides a positive side of this outcome. Although investors did lose over fifty percent of investments into the companies, this loss is better than losing everything that was invested.Other financial markets were consolidated and restructured. By getting rid of bad assets, other financial institutions could start over and reinvest in the worthy markets. This was also a learning lesson for the financial industry and for them to never repeat these careless mistakes again. A rank of +3 will be given to the financial markets. Hank Paul and Ben Bernanke did prove to show excessive force in making this merger happen but only in regards to saving the U. S. economy and throttle the blow that it couldve potentially produced.Giving the government a ranking of +2 shows they provided a better option for America and the possibility of avoiding a complete financial meltdown. Assessing our global ec onomy by looking back at it over the past five years gives it a ranking of 0. This explains that as a country and globally, we have made minimal increases in our economy. One month says we are getting back on the right track while the next month says we are sinking deeper and deeper into recession. The economy shows a recovery in the stock arket one month but the next month there is speculation that the European markets are going to crash and take everyone with them. Living in these highly volatile times gives uncertainly and fear for most investors which hinders potential growth and recovery. After summing up all the pleasure and pain rankings, the total equals +8. This shows that amidst all the chaos, deceiving and cheating, the outcome created a positive effect that saved our economy as best as come-at-able rather than let it sink and destroy everything.This tragic merger proves to be a morally correct standpoint regardless of the tough actions that were taken in order to achiev e this outcome. No individual cheated the system or manipulated the system in order to gain financial strength. It was in the best interest of the individual companies and the U. S. economy to keep them in tact or greater consequences couldve occurred. Saving two of our largest banks provides us with a loss in investments but something that would be trustworthy rather than total and complete collapse of our financial systems.Primary Source United States. (2009). Bank of America and Merrill Lynch How did a private deal turn into a federal bailout? joint hearing before the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform and the Subcommittee on Domestic Policy, House of Representatives, One Hundred 11th Congress, first session. Washington U. S. G. P. O. Secondary Source Bank of Americas Acquisition of Merrill Lynch A Shotgun Merger?. (2009, June 16). My Bank Tracker. Retrieved August 4, 2012, from www. mybanktracker. com/ intelligence information/2009/06/16/bank-of-americas-acquisition -of-merrill-lynch-a-shotgun-merger/

Personal Identity and Mind Essay

From the Latin word duo, or two, dualism seeks to explain the relationship mingled with the mind and body. Put simply, it purports that mind and body are categorically distinct and come apart from each other and, thus, can not be reduced to each other in any way. In point to understand this theory better, we take into account all the external stimuli received by our sensory organs that bring about changes in our noetic area. As a result, our body starts to feel sensation/s. tone of voice that whenever our bodies feel sensation, be it pleasant or unpleasant, it drives it to move or act in a authorized way.For instance, we crave for fried chicken and suddenly smell the aroma of fried chicken wafting through the air, and judge the cracklings of chicken being fried. Suppose, this dish is served to you, your body then starts to move towards the dish and start eating. It appears therefore, that there is interaction between mind and body in such a way that physiologic events caus e mental events and mental events cause physical events. In the case of Captain Picard, regardless of the fact that his body and thinkers were good exact replicas of his previous self, his mind and body are still considered as two distinct and separate entities.His body or physical state will function in a way that whitethorn interact with hid mind but will still remain its distinction as separate entities. This is the competition of property dualism, which claims that although there may not be a distinction in substance, mental and physical properties are still categorically distinct, and not reducible to each other. Captain Picards mind state will change upon receiving external stimuli and from there, his body will start to feel sensation that will spine it to act in a certain way. Yet, both are separate entities.According to mind- wizard identity theory, Picards mental states are each identical to his brain states. What does this mean? How would the identity theorist respond to the logical argument you provided for dualism? In contrast to dualism, the mind-brain identity theory asserts that mental states are identical with brain states. The theory tho asserts that for every mental state, there is a brain-state with which it is identical. For instance, every pain event is identical with the C-fibers firing. (Mind-brain individuality surmisal)The same article attempts to explain this theory further by providing details about the physiological functions of the brain and relating it to the said theory, thus The main support for mind-brain identity theory is the phenomenon of localization. Mental events appear to be associated with special parts of the brain. Mental activity appears to be localised in identifiable areas of the brain. This is shown by the fact that inhibiting brain activity inhibits mental activity. Those who suffer localized brain damage also have such localized damage to the mind.The most natural explanation of this localization is th at the mind is the brain. Captain Picards mind and brain, harmonize to the mind-brain identity theorists, are one and the same thing. Any damage to his brain, therefore, produces damage to the mind also. Works Cited Mind-brain Identity Theory. Philosophy of Mind. Info. 2005. 22 June 2009 Mind Body Dualism Theory. Wikipedia. 2009. 20 June 2009

Application Architecture Essay

Strayer University PiscatawayIn design and building a payroll program for a large organization with offices spread across the country, which possesses quite an a few exchangelings to overcome and must be done in a particular manner. frankincense having the right application architecture is important where the design is concerned. Because the company has one large data touch that each office connects to via a great bea network (WAN), hence the appropriate architecture for this solution would withdraw to consist of a WAN diagram to be used in focussing of this project, on with ashes documentation, and information technology architecture documents to provide a visual representation of the network. A wide area networks (WANs) usually covers a large, physical area. And many WANs cover entire buildings, cities, states, or regions, thus the original purpose of the WAN is to link together all the local area networks, of these other offices spread across the country. The Payroll program macrocosm used in this case study has been centered on having the worthy application architecture that would be effective for the solution being deployed.It would take into consideration where each tag on of equipment needs to be deployed and where its physical location should be sited and which is most effective for the organization. Thus an effective system would combine elements into an architecture, or design, that is flexible, cost-effective, technically sound, and able to support the information needs of the business. There would be a logical design of the payroll system into a physical organise, which would include hardware, software, network support, and processing methods. whence an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)would have to be established in order to determine the strategies for using IT resources in the new payroll application. There would also be a supply chain management (SCM) and sign Cost and TCO (Total Cost of Ownership), and this leave come into effect when the final design stage is completed, and where accredited decisions will be made that will have a major impact on the initial costs and TCO for the payroll system.Cost estimates should also not be overlooked when final decisions are being made. There would also be consideration for scalability in reference to the new system ability to expand, change or downsize easily to meet the changing need of a business enterprise, if the need renegades in the future. in any event all of this it would be important in implementing systems that are volume-rated, such as transaction processing systems that would have more than what it was designed to handle. Below is a global payroll core application which determines the organizational structure for payroll processing. This diagram shows the hierarchy of components in the organizational structure.Some software applications will include procedures for tissue integration, which would require an information system with applications. Th us a Web-centric architecture would avoid many of the connectivity and compatibility problems that typically arise when it comes online and users/employees start accessing it through the web. With the new system being put into place other legacy systems whitethorn need to be integrated with the new applications. Thus the interfacing of both would have to be consistent with the requirements to psychoanalyse different types of data formats and compatibility. Those implementing the new payroll system should know if the new application eventually will replace the legacy system.Potential ethical issues that could arise in connection with the new architecture are fundamentally associated with the emerging of the development of the new system. Where the concern would be the right away that the new payroll application has on the jobs that it may affect negatively and may replace the person/employees that use to do certain aspects of the legacy system. The idea that the new system would rep lace humans in many jobs, at heart the business may result in widespread job loss. To fully grasp the issues involved with estimator ethics, it is important to consider the history of the organization being discussed for deployment of this solution.ReferencesHerold, R. (2010, June 22) Introduction to computer ethics. http//www.infosectoday.com/Articles/Intro_Computer_Ethics.htm Oracle PeopleSoft Enterprise world(a) Payroll (n.d) Introducing the Core Application Architecture. http//docs.oracle.com/cd/E20215_01/hr91pbr1/eng/psbooks/hgpy/chapter.htm?File=hgpy/htm/hgpy04.htm

Porters 5 Generic Strategies Essay

hotshot of the greatest tools of use for a stiff is being aware of its position within an industry. When a company is knowledgeable of where it stands, it can more accurately assess its strengths and weaknesses and what is, or has the potential to be, its agonistic advantage. Michael Porter, believed that the basis for this advantage falls under 3 base strategies of Cost leadership, Differentiation and Focus. With the use of his generic strategy model, a firm, understanding where its competitive advantage lies, can then formulate and implement an impressive business strategy geared towards the sustainability of this advantage.The 3 bases, formed 5 generic strategies Cost Leadership, strongly speaks towards the takings of a downhearteder price product. It appeals to consumers because of low live. Type 1 strategy is Cost Leadership low cost, that passports the product at the final price available on the securities industry. Type 2 is best re valuate, that offers the low est price for value available on the commercialise. A firm seeking to become a cost leader then, is attempting to gain a competitive advantage by producing at the lowest cost. For example, the automobile sector, in formulating a strategy must attempt to cut costs at alwaysy step of their value range, whether it is using word of mouth over advertisements or engaging in vertical integration strategies in an attempt to control costs.They must improve the efficiencies of their processes and because of its low cost nature, be prepared to be highly leveraged, if necessary, to maintain its position. Malaysias car makers Perodua and Proton are examples of cost leaders, but also of how this position is used to formulate strategy. The rival low cost maker, Perodua, entered the market and lowered prices further in retaliation and assumed market control, but then because of limitation of supplies and new government regulation Proton once more overtook Perodua. Thus the cost leader must consta ntly stay aware of the 5 forces, and it environment of business in swan to maintain its competitive advantage.Differentiation, Porters Type 3, calls for a product that possesses certain attributes that the customer perceives as both valuable and better than competitors. This position allows firms more leniency with regards to price as the focus is more heavily on value. This strategy will not only aid butguide a firms focussing activities as they incur greater costs which should be offset by gross sales revenue. This should allow the firm, in carrying out its strategic activities to realise the importance of brand loyalty, cost associated with vulturous sales and marketing tactics to establish that perceived value to consumers and the significance on the value chain of research and development. General Motors, at a time when Ford dominated the market, offered new features at premium prices to a higher class of public. The mission, a car for every purse and purpose, was exceeded as they became the leading company. sore entrants were discouraged, buyers had low dealing power due to the lack of alternatives, supplier increases could be passed on through sales price and substitutes and rivals were deterred because of the loyalty consumers had to GMs exciting features.A great example of how Porters strategy guided their activities and secured their competitive advantage. Type 4, low cost focus and Type 5, best value focus, offers products and services to a niche group at the lowest price available on the market and the lowest price for value available on the market, respectively. Type 4, for example the used car dealership, offers bargain hunters low cost vehicles for a few inconveniences such as their own maintenance. Type 5, for example Corvette, offer a higher price to niche group and maintain loyalty by offering an obtain unlike any other. For this reason, Type 5 is sometimes referred to as focused differentiation. For types 4 and 5, strategic managemen t must focus on the development of core competencies and use it as a potential restraint to entry and base for minimizing threats of substitutes, extensive analysis of the 5 forces, value chain and financial capabilities as targeting a niche group may be costly for a Type 5 strategy or may not produce enough revenue for the focused cost leader (Type 4).Porters strategies, coined generic, because they are exactly that, have no particular application process but rather the firm using these strategies must develop the best way to sustain their competitive advantage. The firm must coiffure its position and analyze its industry, after a strategy is selected, the firm must develop a design to implement it then continuously monitor the market signals in order to keep up with the ever changing environment of business. Strategic managements activities then will takeinto account the remote environment, the organisations capabilities and select and develop strategies always bearing in mind the organisations purpose and direction. These strategies, closely paired with the 5 forces, focus on continuous improvement for an organisation to hurt the challenges of global change, exactly what strategic management is centered on, the formulation, implementation and evaluation of plans to achieve organisational success.