Identification Of Potential Ischaemic Stroke Health And Social Care Essay

Stroke could shortly be the most common cause of decease worldwide ( Murray and Lopez, 1997 ) . Stroke is presently the 2nd prima cause of decease in the Western universe, ranking after bosom disease and before malignant neoplastic disease ( Donnan et al. , 2008 ) , and causes 10 % of deceases worldwide ( [ Anon ] , 2004 ) . Despite a decennary of intense public instruction and medical promotion, stroke continues to stand for a major cause of mortality accounting for around 53,000 deceases every twelvemonth ( [ ANON ] 2009 ) and this is the most common cause of terrible disablement which will necessitate long-run attention. There are more than 111,000 people who have suffered from new or perennial shot ‘s every twelvemonth, where in 2006/07 the NHS spent over ?2.8 billion in this country and the entire cost to the UK economic system was ?4.5 million ( [ ANON ] 2009 ) Stroke consequences from perturbation in the blood supply to the encephalon and leads to the decease of all cells within the affected tissue ( Sims and Muyderman, 2010 ) . There are 2 chief types of shot. They are ischaemic and haemorrhagic ( NINDS, 2009 ) . Ischemic shot is caused by the infarction of a vas providing blood and foods to the encephalon. The encephalon cells in the immediate country of hurt have died as a consequence of ischaemia ( NINDS, 2009, Deb et al. , 2010 ) . Ischemic shot can be embolic and thrombotic ; lacunar shot is besides under this class ( Wityk and Llinas, 2007 ) . Hemorrhagic shot is caused by compaction of tissue from an spread outing haematoma or haematoma. This force per unit area besides lead to a loss of blood supply to affected tissue and the blood released by encephalon bleeding appears to hold direct toxic effects on encephalon tissue and vasculature ( NINDS, 1999 ) . More than 80 % of shot are caused by ischaemia ( Flynn et al. , 2008 ) At the minute, the diagnosing of ischaemic shot is relied on an experient shot clinician ‘s scrutiny of the patient, supplemented by the consequences of encephalon imagination. However, those who all of a sudden become ailing with a suspected shot, the clinical appraisal within the first few hours is non ever straightforward. Many patients with acute shot are non assessed by a shot specializer ; the initial rating is frequently performed by a household practician, paramedic, or triage nurse ( Whiteley et al. , 2008 ) . Presently, the computed imaging ( CT ) and magnetic resonance Imaging ( MRI ) are the most common technique used to diagnosis acute shot and differentiate between ischaemic and haemorrhagic shot ( Wardlaw and Mielke, 2005 ) For most instances and at most establishments, CT remains the most practical imagination mode ( Adams, 2007 ) . For those assessed in infirmary, reading of encephalon imagination visual aspects can be hard, as CT is frequently normal after the oncoming of ischaemia and may stay normal in patients with mild ischaemic shots. MRI is more sensitive in observing ischaemia than CT, particularly in the diagnosing of mild shot ( Chalela et al. , 2007 ) , is still merely 83 % sensitive or 98 % specific ( Chalela et al. , 2007 ) . Furthermore, MRI may non be executable in acutely sick patients because they are ungratified, have a contraindication to MRI, or MRI may non be instantly available. The current diagnosing of shot remains hampered and delayed due to miss of a suited mechanism for rapid, accurate and analytically sensitive diagnostic trial ( Laskowitz et al. , 2009 ) . There is a clear demand for farther development in this country. Scientists have for a really long clip been look intoing and seeking to happen new ways to diagnosis shots. Increasing figure of articles, documents and journeys have been suggested that blood biomarker may be a possible campaigner for efficient and accurate diagnosing such as a blood trial for shots ( Hill, 2005 ) . Biomarker defined as a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an index of normal biological procedures, pathological procedures or pharmacological response to a curative intercession ( Biomarkers Definition Working Group, 2001 ) . It can be any sort of molecules that present in the mark being. During an ischaemic shot, obstruction of arterias causes accretion of blood metabolites and release of enceph alon tissue proteins one time the cardinal nervous system gets damaged. All of these proteins are the possible biomarkers, including neuron-specific enolase ( NSE ) , astroglial protein S-100b, medulla basic protein ( MBP ) , creatin phosphokinase isoenzyme BB ( CK-BB ) , tau, thrombomodulin ( Tm ) , glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP ) , adenylkinase, lactate, lactate deshydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, glutathione, vasointestinal neuropeptide, and 7B2-specific neuropetide ( Allard et al. , 2004 ) . In order to go a individual specific diagnostic biomarker that will be clinically utile, the desirable belongingss are including duplicability to obtain in a standardised manner, acceptableness to the patient, how easy is it to construe by clinicians, truth such as high sensitiveness ( sensing of disease when it is truly present, i.e. placing true positive ) and high selectivity ( acknowledgment of absence of disease when disease is genuinely absent, i.e. placing true negative ) for the result it is expected to place, besides ability to explicate a sensible proportion of the result independent of established forecasters systematically in multiple surveies and there are informations to propose that cognition of biomarker degrees alterations direction, prognostic values, big likeliness ratios, low cost, rapid sustained lift, high tissue specificity ( bespeaking myocardial beginning ) , release relative to disease extent and check characteristics conductive to indicate of attention prov ing are critical ( Fon et al. , 1994, Kelly et al. , 2003 ) However, in 2008 a systematic reappraisal was published by the American Heart Association. 38 diagnostic literatures were reviewed and proving was carried out for 58 biomarkers, but a decision was made that none of them can be recommended for usage in everyday clinical pattern ( Whiteley et al. , 2008 ) . The high sensitiveness and specificity are the largest obstructor in ischaemic shot biomarker development ( Allard et al. , 2004 ) . There are a few concerns is addressed. First of wholly, the blood-brain barrier ( BBB ) will detain the release of encephalon tissue proteins into blood watercourse ; Second, the volume of damaged tissue released does n't correlate to the badness of the harm to within the encephalon. As Human shot is such a heterogenous disease, possibly a rapid blood trial for shot is difficult to believe. So far no blood trial can be 100 % specific and sensitive ( Hill, 2005 ) . However a blood trial can be used as a complementary clinical diagnosing bases on its sta tistic mark, together act as a diagnostic biomarker ( Hill, 2005 ) . If the constriction is able to interrupt, this will assist to salvage 1000s of lives and besides save an unbelievable sum of money for the NHS. Potential biomarkers identified demand to be transitioned rapidly into clinical proof proving for farther rating in an acute shot scene ; to make so would impact and better patient results and quality of life. A individual set or multiple sets of blood biomarkers that could be used in an acute scene to diagnosis shot, differentiate between shot types, or even predict an initial or reoccurring shot would be highly valuable. Label-free quantitative proteomic method will be used in this undertaking. It is a comparatively new engineering that generated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography -Tandem Mass Spectrometry ( HPLC- MS/MS ) , alternatively of utilizing exogenously labelled isotopes, it does non necessitate stable isotopic-labelled compound. This type of spectroscopy allows us to find and follow proteomic look at different provinces within the theoretical account being, therefore the proteins concentration. The combination of mass spectroscopy and bioinformatics has been proven to be an effectual technique for the find of possible biomarkers for assorted malignant neoplastic diseases and diseases from patient ‘s serum or plasma samples. With this technique, the proteins of involvements can be obtained from the samples which are convenient for sidelong quantification and designationPurposes and aimsMy undertaking is to look for possible biomarker ( s ) which might bale to utilize in acute is chaemic diagnosing. I will utilize Label-free quantitative proteomic method to near this purpose. The aims of this undertaking are able to utilize HPLC – MS/MS to observe and distinguish between the control and samples by comparing the peak strength differences, and to quantify the sum of differences of the protein so to place the protein of interested for farther experiment. Besides to develop a method to look for possible biomarker ( s ) with animate being theoretical accounts by HPLC – MS/MS.cardinal activities3.1 Sampling Animal theoretical account sample of shot is traveling to be used alternatively of human sample of shot. It is because animate beings and worlds have similar nervous and vascular substrates and similar biochemical and molecular mechanisms of hurt and ( Yamori et al. , 1976 ) features of shot in worlds are similar to experimental theoretical accounts in animate beings. Largely of import animate being theoretical accounts allow research workers to analyze immediate and early ischaemic events, events that can be hard to analyze in human patients because of the variable clip holds in early acknowledgment of a shot and initial curative intercession. Among the assortment of animate beings, rats are peculiarly utile for shot research because their cerebrovascular anatomy and physiology closely resemble that of worlds. They have a little encephalon volume that is however good suited to different analytical processs and are moderately cheap in footings of purchase and care costs compared with those for larger animate beings. Furthermore, the public tends to hold fewer animate being public assistance concerns sing the usage of gnawers in shot research compared with the usage of Canis familiariss or cats and commercially available of inbred rats are comparatively homogenous genetically, leting research workers to understate confusing effects originating from a heterogenous background and to accomplish good reducibility ( little criterion divergence ) ( Wang-Fischer, 2009 ).The stoke theoretical account I am traveling to utilize is focal hemisphere intellectual ischaemia. This theoretical account mimics the most common site of human ischaemic shot. Surgery will be performed under injectable anesthesia. Although inhalational anaesthesia is recommended for shot survey, injectable agents have some advantages in neurological surveies and have been used by many research labs, such as the disposal of injectable agents is simple and easy, no particular equipment is needed ( a sim ple acerate leaf and syringe can finish the anesthesia work ) and cheap equipment and drugs lower the cost of survey. Blood sample is taken Immediately before clamping of the internal carotid arteria ( ICA ) instantly anterior to unclamping ( ischemia ) the ICA and before skin closing ( reperfusion ) ( Fig. 1 ) . Cerebrospinal fluid has be to collected for analysis because it is highly utile for surveies of the cardinal nervous system, it will incorporate any unmetabolised molecules from the encephalon so it allows an research worker to straight mensurate alterations in senders, endocrines, cytokines, or any other factor that might be of import. All samples are so labelled decently. All blood samples have to be centrifuge within 30 proceedingss of aggregation. Plasma is removed and stored at a?’80A °C until usage. After the wound closing of the rats, evan blue is injected and circulated for 60-120 proceedingss. Then rats are anesthetised and perfuse with PBS through the left ventricle to rinse out the extra dye. Afterward, encephalons are removed and the hemispheres are separated, weighed, and placed in tubings. Reperfusion sample Ischmaemia sample Baseline sample Reperfusion Ischmaemia Baseline ICA unclamped ICA clamped Fig. 1 Flow diagram of sample aggregation. ICA: internal carotid arteria 3.2 Nanoflow HPLC- MS/MS sample readying and analysis Plasma samples are thawed at 4A °C and digested with trypsin at 37A °C for 16 hr before transporting out analysis. Digested plasma samples and cerebrospinal fluid samples are loaded and nanoflow High Performance Liquid Chromatography -Tandem Mass Spectrometry ( HPLC- MS/MS ) analysis is carried out. This is an machine-controlled method once the sample is loaded. 3.3 Fluorescence spectrophotometer analysis The fluorescence strength of the dye will so find by fluorescence spectrophotometer after a series of sample readying 3.4 Statistical analysis First, protein quantification is measure peak highs in chromatography. The mark proteins are the extremums strength with high duplicability ( CV & lt ; 8 % ) . The chromatographic extremum alliance is used to knock in this comparative attack. Statistical analysis such as Students t-test was performed to find the significance of alterations between multiple samples. In the spectral numeration attack, comparative protein quantification is achieved by comparing the figure of identified MS/MS spectra from the same protein in each of the multiple LCMS/MS datasets. This addition protein ‘s copiousness and consequences in an addition in the figure of its proteolytic peptides. A list of the possible biomarker will so be created. The atomization from this list will so place.The undertaking program4.1 Workflow Logic Diagram of activities Sample aggregation ( Surgrey ) White affair & A ; gray affair Control from CSF Sample from CSF Sample from plasma Control from plasma Sampling Sample storage at a?’80A °C Sample storage at – 80A °C Sample readying ( Digest ) Label-free quantitative proteomics readying and analysis Control from CSF Sample from plasma Sample from CSF Control from plasma Fluorescence spectrophotometer HPLC separation MS/MS Quantification ( Peak strength, spectra count ) Candidate verification/ proof Designation by commercially statistical package Potential diagnostic biomarker ( s ) Fig. 2 Logic diagram of activities. CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid 4.2 Gantt Chart Activities Wk 1 Wk 2 Wk 3 Wk 4 Wk 5 Wk 6 Wk 7 Sample aggregation TenaˆˆaˆˆaˆˆaˆˆaˆˆaˆˆSample readying of blood sampleaˆˆTenaˆˆaˆˆaˆˆaˆˆaˆˆSample readying of CSFaˆˆTenaˆˆaˆˆaˆˆaˆˆaˆˆSample readying of fluorescence spectrophotometry TenaˆˆaˆˆaˆˆaˆˆaˆˆaˆˆNanoflow HPLC- MS/MS analysisaˆˆTenaˆˆaˆˆaˆˆaˆˆaˆˆFluorescence spectrophotometer analysis TenaˆˆaˆˆaˆˆaˆˆaˆˆaˆˆStatistical QuantificationaˆˆaˆˆTen Ten TenaˆˆaˆˆProtein IdentificationaˆˆaˆˆaˆˆaˆˆTen Ten Ten Table 1. Gantt chart with clip line. From Table. 1. It shows the jutting activities and hebdomad by hebdomad of what activities are expected to be carried out. In hebdomad one, surgrey takes topographic point and because the encephalon protein will get down to fall out 3 yearss after the station shot, the dye and fluorescence spectrophotometry is besides taking topographic point in hebdomad 1. In hebdomad 2, the HPLC- MS/MS analysis will be carried out. From hebdomad 3 subsequently, it is the statistical analysis. Statistical quantification the possible biomarker by comparing the peak strength and so place the atomization of interested extremum.ResourcesEquipment: Centrifuge Freezer – 80a„? HPLC – MS/MS Fluorescence spectrophotometer 4.3.2 Apparatus EDTA tubing Needle and syringe Skin Scissorss Vascular clinchs Microdissecting Tweezers & A ; Forcepss A cold-illumination lighting system Operating Board 4.3.3 Reagent Anaesthetic drug Trypsin heparin-saline mixture Sterrad ( Low-Temperature Hydrogen Peroxide Plasma ) Buffer A ( 96 % H2O 4 % methanol 0.2 % formic acid ) Buffer B ( 10 % H2O, 90 % acetonitrile, 0.2 % formic acid ) Evans blue PBS 4.3.4 Training Training to manage research lab animate beings Expertness on nanoflow HPCL because insouciant users lack the expertness to utilize the demanding microfluidics that is involved and to observe jobs. 4.5.5 Statistical package for HPLC – MS/MS Any of these would be suited for the statistical analysis: SIEVE package The Rosetta Elucidator systemUndertaking analysis5.1 Hazard analysis Incorporation of biomarkers find has an impact on timelines of undertaking direction due to extra work on their designation and possible proof. Furthermore, there are troubles to fix the white affair hurt theoretical accounts which are used as indicant of how much harm of ischemic shot caused to the rat and the fluctuation between animate beings are normally big.Drumhead decisionThe primary end of a individual set or multiple sets of blood biomarkers development is to cut down the hazard of late abrasion during clinical development for grounds of safety or efficaciousness ; to make so would impact and better patient results and quality of life. Although it will be a long and difficult tract to make this finish, it is a baronial end, and the right way for the hereafter of stroke diagnosing.

Angels in America – Essay 2

Angels in America is a play written by Tony Kushner that chronicles the disintegrating relationships of two couples. The story is set in America in the 1980s against a background of gluttony, conservatism, politics, and controversial sexuality. It is this backdrop that provides  Angels in America  with its enormity and sets it apart from other love stories. In this play, the plot is largely driven by its themes, which are viewed from different characters' perspectives as the story unfolds. Throughout the play, Kushner introduces to readers, many weighty issues. Some of these issues include: homosexuality, religion, stereotypes, race/ethnicity, denial, betrayal, and identity; each character in the play questions and grapples with at least one of these subjects. As a reader, it was particularly interesting to watch the characters struggle with the issue of stereotypes. Living in New York City during the 21st century, the gay community has had and continues to be a prominent part of society. The gay people that I have crossed paths with do not seem to be shy or ashamed of their sexual orientation. They do not hide who they are attracted to and they do not view their orientation as a sign of weakness. Due to my exposure to this, it was baffling to witness Roy’s reaction upon hearing from his doctor that he has contracted AIDS. Roy states, â€Å"Now to someone who does not understand this, homosexual is what I am because I have sex with men. But really this is wrong. Homosexuals are not men who sleep with other men. Homosexuals are men who in fifteen years of trying cannot get a pissant antidiscrimination bill through City Council. Homosexuals are men who know nobody and who nobody know. Who have zero clout. Does this sound like me, Henry? † (Kushner, 51). Although Roy may desire another man, to him desire is irrelevant. Roy only identifies with other powerful people and in his eyes, gays are powerless. Roy believes his money and status protect him from the oppression gay men face. Roy is even convinced that he can use his money to buy immunity from AIDS. Another issue that is raised by Kushner is sanity. In the play there is a character named Harper who is addicted to Valium. Throughout the play, Harper struggles and questions what sanity is. Her vivid imagination causes her to travel between reality and fantasy quite often. At one point, towards the end of Part One, Harper â€Å"travels† to Antarctica in a dream. She believes that she has found her utopia and now she can finally live in peace. Harper’s imaginary friend, Mr. Lies joins her n her journey and explains, â€Å"This is a retreat, a vacuum, its virtue is that it lacks everything; deep-freeze for feelings. You can be numb and safe here, that’s what you came for. Respect the delicate ecology of your delusions† (Kushner, 108). Harper wants to remain in her created delusion forever; her manifested utopia is a result of her inability to face reality. Because Harper is too scared to leave the confines of her home, she has created a world inside her ow n mind so that she can live there and remain in paradise forever.

Le Ly Hayslip: Between East and West

The West has always been generally regarded as a negative force upon Asian cultures in the sense that the introduction of Western ways brings irrevocable changes that stains the purity Oriental cultures. On the other side of the fence, the West has always regarded the East as a land of exotic people, stubbornly clinging to their old ways, refusing to change with the times. Indeed it is a clash between the immovable rock and the irresistible force, and people in the crossroads get caught and get lost in the maelstrom, with a few coming out unscathed. Le Ly Hayslip’s book When Heaven and Earth Changed Places chronicles such a struggle. It is a poignant book that captures the rending of one’s soul, when one is caught between the need to change and the desire to cling to the old and the familiar. The encroachment of the West first took place within the context of the Vietnam War, when the United States allied itself with South Vietnam against the communist North. More than a book about how war changes a life, the book is about how Le Ly Hayslip straddled the East and the West and how she managed to keep herself whole and survived. The book captures the epic life of Le Ly Hayslip, from her childhood, to her life as a young woman escaping to the United States, to her return to her native land, some twenty years after. This paper seeks to take a look at Le Ly’s life at three important milestones and understand how the West has imposed itself upon her world and how it changed her life as well as those of the people she loved. The West first came into Le Ly’s life when she was still very young. Perhaps in an uncanny prediction of her destiny, her village straddles the border between the conflicting South and North Vietnam. Their lives were constantly being pulled by soldiers from each side and their loyalties were constantly shifting and the people were under constant threat of violence and threat to their lives. Le Ly captures the simplicity of their life as well as the suffering they endured at the crossroads, â€Å"Although the land remained fertile, farming was often interrupted and the whole village came close to destruction.† (5) While the influence of the West is not so direct in this case, it can actually be seen in the civil war that is going on in her country. For a long time, Vietnam has been a colony of France, and it was only after World War did Vietnam finally gain its independence. However, the fledgling country soon fell under the shadow of communism through the influence of China, which in turn was being controlled by the Soviet Union. In light of this, it might be said Western imperialism has been affecting Le Ly’s life from the day she was born. The desire of the Soviet Union to spread the communist ideology is the reason why South and North Vietnam are at war. When Le Ly was 14 years old, Le Ly and her friends worked as lookouts for North Vietcongs. The South discovered what she was doing and she is arrested and tortured. When she is released from prison, the Vietcongs regard her with suspicion and sentence her to death, charging her with espionage. However, instead of killing her, the two soldiers tasked with carrying out her sentence raped Le Ly instead. It was at this juncture that Le Ly left her village to work in the town of Saigon. In Da Nang, she took on several jobs, working as a maid, a black-market vendor, and a prostitute. It was at this stage of her life that Le Ly met several Americans. Her bad experiences in the hands of the Vietcongs as well as the relatively good treatment she received from the Americans have changed Le Ly’s values and allegiances. This relatively pleasant encounter with the West has planted in Le Ly the desire to leave Vietnam and start a new life in the United States. She saw the West as a land of promise, where she can escape from all the violence and war in the East. She saw a chance when Ed, asks her hand in marriage, after which, they immediately left Vietnam with her son in tow. When Le Ly left for the United States, she longed to someday return to her home land, but she was also unsure if she will ever have that chance. In the United States, she gets down to settling to a new life, resolved to leave the past behind. Of course that is easier said than done, and her love for her family and the longing to return to Vietnam never left Le Ly. This desire became stronger when Le Ly found prosperity and success in the United State. After so many years of living as an American, Le Ly returned to Vietnam. In all her years living in the United States, she managed to stay true to her eastern roots. The Buddhist ways that Le Ly’s father taught her served as the anchor of her identity, and she never gave up this part of her that she held sacred. Between the East and the West, Le Ly found a haven in the love and respect that she had for the two countries that she calls home. And that perhaps is the reason why Le Ly was able to reconcile the conflict and rage that was tearing her soul apart. She soon comes to an understanding and by her own words Le Ly thus describes the freedom and wisdom in living a life of compassion, Vietnam already had too many people who were ready to die for their beliefs. What it needed was men and women – brothers and sisters – who refused to accept either death or death-dealing as a solution to their problems. If you keep compassion in your heart, I discovered, I discovered, you never long for death yourself. From my father’s death, I had finally learned how to live. (383) References Hayslip, L. L. (1993). When Heaven and Earth Changed Places: Tie-In Edi

Dbq 10 Reconstruction: Us History Essay

There were many plus sides to the Civil War. Those plus sides were the abolishment of slavery, secession was refuted, and there was supremacy of national government. Yet, there was one difficulty which was that the Union had the challenge of figuring out what to do with free slaves. In 1867, Congress took control of Reconstruction to establish and protect citizenship rights. Congress had succeeded in many ways like having the Southern states ratify the Fourteenth Amendment to rid the military forces. But, by 1877 the Reconstruction had ended, all the work done failed, and everything reversed. Congress’ Reconstruction efforts to have equal rights for freedmen failed because the Ku Klux Klan intervened in wrong ways, freedmen were convinced to stop their actions, and editorial advocating was used as propaganda against freedmen. The Ku Klux Klan (or KKK) was, and still is in some areas, a secret organization that used terrorist tactics in an attempt to restore white supremacy in Southern states. In document two, General Thomas discusses the KKK. The purpose of the KKK was to get rid of any African Americans so the whites could hold power. They even killed those who supported the African Americans, meaning the killed whites also. They would do anything in their power to hold the power they had. They had undermined Congress’ efforts for equal rights to all by doing exactly what they did. They would go around threatening people, burned houses down, burned crosses in lawns, and of course killed any Africans. That’s not what Congress wanted. They wanted everyone to have equal treatment. The African Americans did have much to be able to stop being invaded. If they did, they would have been killed anyway. In document four, Atlanta News uses editorial advocating as propaganda. First off, editorial advocating is when the editorial representative of a newspaper or social media comes to an event in favor of a cause, or idea, and uses their position on it to further that cause. In the document the speaker states his view on the African Americans in the South. He wants the Northerners to go to the South and organize a way to rid the African’s of their rights. Many Northerners tried to convince freedmen to stop voting. Also, they tried to stop them from taking part in politics. Dr. W. E. B. DuBois was an African American Historian and wrote a book about this. Document six is a excerpt of that book. The Northerners told the Southerners if they wanted a job they needed to keep their noses out of politics and if they wanted to be apart of politics well they better not have expected a job. Basically, shut up and stay quiet. Either way, they couldn’t win. The African American didn’t have an easy life once Reconstruction ended. Everything Congress worked for reversed and the Northerners thought they had more power. Reconstruction failed for many reasons meanwhile it was supposed to be a rebuilding after the Civil War. Like many things that go on, everything doesn’t always go as planned.

Paul's view of Women in the Ministry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paul's view of Women in the Ministry - Essay Example It is clear through Scripture verses that Paul, unlike many men of his time, was supportive of women actively teaching and praying in the ministry. One of the most profound references that can be found to the views of Paul is in the book of Romans. Romans 16:1-2 states: â€Å"I commend to you Phoebe our sister, who is a servant of the church in Cenchrea, that you may receive her in the Lord in a manner worthy of the saints, and assist her in whatever business she has need of you; for indeed she has been a helper of many and of myself also.† If Paul did not support women in the ministry, he would not be commending anyone, let alone a woman, by name. Furthermore, though Paul refers to Phoebe as a â€Å"servant†, he wrote his letters in Greek, using the word â€Å"diakonos†, from which the word â€Å"deacon† is derived (Fees). Though the translation reads â€Å"servant†, it has been speculated, that Phoebe may have actually been a church leader, such as a deacon, not a servant. In fact, the word is only translated once out of thirty-four times as â€Å"servant†, and that is when it has bee n applied to Phoebe; the rest of the time it has been translated as â€Å"minister† or â€Å"deacon† (Fees). Another female name of note is Priscilla, noted to be a tent-making team of husband and wife whose house Paul is a guest in, as stated in Acts 18:1-3. In Acts 18:24-26, it states â€Å"now a certain Jew named Apollos, born at Alexandria, an eloquent man and mighty in Scriptures, came to Ephesus.   This man had been instructed in the way of the Lord, and being fervent in spirit, he spoke and taught accurately the things of the Lord, though he knew only the baptism of John.   So he began to speak boldly in the synagogue.   When Aquila and Priscilla heard him, they took him aside and explained to him the way of God more accurately.† Priscilla, along with her husband, taught and explained the gospel to Apollos while Paul was staying under their roof and sharing their house

Greer's observation of masculinity run riot Essay

Greer's observation of masculinity run riot - Essay Example According to Greer (894), research conducted by Skuse found out that different treatment was subjected to the feeding infants was wired into the mothers’ routines such that boys got away with cries that appeared to be demanding for food. On the contrary, girls were allowed time to learn between cries and feeding which perhaps teaches them patience and less masculinity in their later life. â€Å"Mothers perceive boy babies as hungrier and as better feeders than girls; what this means is probably that they enjoy feeding their boy babies more than they enjoy feeding their girls, for whatever reason,† Greer (894). The toughening that the boy eventually gets from the traditional masculine myths of how tough men ought to be further propels the boy to very high heights of virtual gender status preached by masculinity. It is clearly illustrated in Greer’s essay that boys learn the virtue of courage from the manner in which the mothers breastfeed them and later pay attention to them better than what fathers offer to their daughters. The female strength in sociability and intuition enables boys to have a better learning experience regarding their environment than what girls make of their learning from their fathers. â€Å"Daughters will develop more self-confidence if their fathers are encouraging and appreciative of their efforts, but fathers seldom give such matters much attention and, if they do, usually demand objective verification of a daughters merit before giving encouragement. By â€Å"masculinity run riot,† Greer (898) implies that the male fraternity under the masculinity perception regime in the society attacks those they feel inadequate to propel the tough roles that males ought to play. It follows that a regrouping occurs where soft males are isolated and made fun of due to the fact that they fall short of the masculine cult expectations. It is possible therefore that the majority of males who feel superior to others due to

MGT 305-ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

MGT 305-ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR - Essay Example The widespread issue among all of them is that they are accountable for supporting, motivating, guiding, organizing, teaching, instructing, inspiring a group of people. In general these individuals are referred to as or considered as leaders inside their specific area of functioning. The phrase leadership merely implies the means of persuading a group of people & directing them on the way to the achievement of a universal purpose. The organization where I used to work had a business of Herbal Products. The firm largely dealt with balm for muscle aches & joint pains, tonics for immunity building, lotions & body-oil for supple & soft skin & many such goods for the day-to-day application by the customers. The business followed a unified arrangement of centralized & decentralized framework. The different unit worked on a decentralized style where there was no specialty & everybody knew the job of the other individual. Job Rotation was being experienced as a standard rule. Significance of Organization Structure The contribution to the efficient functioning of organization by its organization structure can be explained as: - Clear-cut Authority Relationships: The responsibility and authority is allocated by the Organization structure. The members of an organization are helped to know their role and relate it to other roles by organizational structure. - Pattern of Communication: the patterns of coordination and communication are provided by the Organization structure. Communication between people is facilitated by Organization structure through grouping of people and activities. - Location of Decision Centre: the locations of centers for decision making in the organization are determined by Organization structure. - Proper Balancing: the emphasizing on group activities’ coordination and creation of the proper balance between them is done by the organizational structure. Higher priority is given to more critical aspect for the success of the enterprise in the o rganization. - Encouraging Growth: Flexible framework is proved to the organization for creating growth opportunities and meeting the challenges by the structure of the organization. - Making use of Technological Improvements: the organizational structure is capable of modification in the existing pattern of responsibilities of the authorities. The on the whole operation of the organization was dependent on the structure of situational leadership style. This approach is based on the outlook of people towards the job entrusted to them & their reaction towards the performance of a leader (greeks.cofc.edu. n.d.). The idea of situational leadership is reliant on the key rudiments of task behavior & relationship behavior. The relationship behavior implies the quantity of social & emotional hold provided by the leader. It point toward the flow of communication involving the followers & leader. Task behavior implies the guidance & direction offered by the leader. It is extremely work- focu sed & puts emphasis on the proficient achievement of the goals. In the situational leadership style, 4 essential situations have been recognized by the leadership professionals that are dependent on relationship behavior on one axis & task behavior on the other axis of the grid. The following diagram reveals the illustration of a situational leadership structure- These styles stand for the management approach that completely depends on the condition faced by the firm. In case of the company