Fashion and Rebellion In The 1960s

Fashion and Rebellion In The 1960sWhat are the main differences between subculture and counterculture and what do they ordain us around fashion and the rebellion in the 1960s?I shall be studying about the difference between subculture and counterculture and what they tell us about fashion and rebellion in the 1960s. I shall do this by looking at the way how the 1960s influenced the generation of the hippies era in similitude to fashion, medicament, media and photography. I am going start by exploring the definition of subculture and counterculture.Culture is the way, the forms, in which assemblys handle the raw material of their social and material existence. (Clarke et al, 1975 10) Subcultures are sub-sets smaller, to a greater extent localised and differentiated structures, at bottom one or other of the larger cultural networks. (Clarke et al, 1975 13) both references from (Populism, Jim McGuigan, Chapter 3, Youth Culture and Consumption, pg95)The 1960s were an immense time to be young. Youth culture and early twenty-four hour periods fashion, had begun to take shape in the fifties, blossomed as never before. hippies culture became very popular in the 60s after the Beatniks.Hippie culture, with the hot interest in vegetarianism, the environment and peace, proved ready not just for revival but for a permanent place in this endless youth culture. (Post Modernism and Popular Culture, Angela Mcrobbie, pg.159) As of Stuart Hall, he saw the hippy movement as an identification towards poverty. It was also governmentally informed in the sense of beingness determined to create an alternative society. This subculture was therefore able to develop an extensive semi-entrepreneurial network which came to be known as the counter-culture. (Post Modernism and Popular Culture, Angela Mcrobbie, pg.143, Subcultural Entreprenuers)Hippies popularised kaftans, macrame bags and Afghan coats. the flares of the late 1960s widened out to bell-bottom proportions before high -waisted straight trousers and platform soles stepped into view. (Speak the Culture, Britain, Be Fluent In British Life and Culture, Neil Thomas, ThoroGood, Pg.253) The distinct way of hippie are mainly colourful and floral wear, a lot of accessories such as headbands, rings, necklaces and earrings, usual would wear flip flops for footwear. Carnaby street was where they would all shop, Hippie Land that is what I would call it. Summer of Love was associated with the hippies, known as the Swingin 60sCarnaby Street in 1966. During the 60s, Lord John was the hippest store. (Fashion of a Decade, The 1960s pg.41)This is where Twiggy comes in, illustrious model, with her retentive lashes, big eyes and bob, she became the British style icon of the 60s. Made it big for wearing the mini-skirt. And to this day she has brought a new life to fashion for the cured person as they relate to her and connect her to Marks and Spencer, which has made profit to them.A new style then came into sight, by a new group of teenagers which they called Mods. The Mod style were inspired by the beatniks and from American fashion.The well known designers at that time were Mary Quant, Zandra Rhodes and Barbara Hulanicki.Mary Quant introduced Britain to mini-skirts, and that made a big impact in fashion in the 60s. The mini-skirt was mainly worn by the young, most of the consultation were shocked, others saw this as free will.Zandra Rhodes influenced by pop art, with her unorthodox clothes and pink hair. Rhodes sold some of her first textiles work to Marion Foale and Sally Tuffin. Associated with pop art during this decade were artists such as Andy Warhol, the fact that this movement was unrealistic, the audience were interested from the use of expression and abstract, which made people feel free, this is how the hippies were seen as. Pop art became the parcel of fashion, which made clothing more fun and colourful.Barbara Hulanicki opened a clothing store with her husband in the early 60s, she later became known for the garments she had designed for Cathy McGowan, the TV presenter for the music show Ready, Steady, Go.Till this day these three designers are the icons of modern fashion. Retro fashion is always coming back with new and fresh looks. Many contemporary designers now such as Anna Sui, Diane von Furstenburg, Erdem are influenced by the hippie culture.Music in the 1960s has made a big impression in the lives of youth culture. They so far have an assembling to old and young, they were the ones mainly responsible for the change in music and social change from the war and 50s onwards. For example, the Beatles, which created Beatlemania their style was a start of a new era, having long hair with long beards, Lennon known for wearing the granny glasses, this is where the Beatniks were introduced, which then led to the hippy movement. Elvis Presley known as the King Rock and Roll. pinko Floyd, Led Zeppelin and The Rolling Stones.The Glastonbury Festival, wou ld have varieties of artists, in an open field, which lasts up to 3-4 days, usually visited by hippies during the 70s when it was first held, the festival was an excuse for sex, drugs, socialising with others. And to this day The Glastonbury Festival is shut away a successful event.This is where technology comes in, it is rapidly progressing from records to cassettes, to cassette tape walkman, to cds, to cd walkmans, to mp3 players such as Ipods,mobile phones. Also being able to download music from the internet illegally, this is causing music stores, such as HMV to close down shops, due to not enough sales to keep the business afloat.During the 60s, youths from under 25 years of age regularly visited the cinema as entertainment before TV became more popular. Also it was another excuse to socialise with others when they take a visit to the movies. The theatre was also popular for the upper age group as a form of entertainment.Photography plays a big role in fashion advertisement in a form of magazines such as Vogue and Vanity Fair, which introduces the upper working-class to upcoming fashion trends, which is currently still happening today with many more magazine options to choose from such as Dazed and Confused, ID etc. Fashions and faces Beaton, Bailey and RankinAs Britain pursued its passion for photojournalism in the middle 20th century a more affected genre of photography also evolved, set to explode in the 1960s. It embraced fashion, advertising and high society (in short, scenic people) and found its outlet in magazines like Vanity Fair, Harpers Bazaar and Vogue. Cecil Beaton bore the torch with staged, glamorous images of Marlene Dietrich, Audrey Hepburn and the Royals from the 1920s through to the 60s. (Speak the Culture Britain Be Fluent in British Life and Culture, Neil Thomas, ThoroGood, pg.245)To conclude, I have discovered that the subculture of hippies in the 1960s, were free spirited, peace loving, rebellions against war, and also introduced a fashionable trend that are still current in some societies. What I think about the difference between subculture and counterculture is that subculture is the identity of an individual. You can show your personality through clothing, the music you find out to, where you get together in the environment, the region of a culture. E.g. When you think of Camden, you automatically think of punks and rockers. Notting Hill Gate, the Notting Hill carnival comes to your mind. Where as counterculture, as seen as the political part of the culture i.e hippies. A subculture is the way of defining and honouring the particular specification and demarcation of special or different interests of a group of people within a larger collectivity. (Culture, Chris Jenks, pg.10)

Kurt Lewins Model Of Change Information Technology Essay

Kurt Lewins Model Of interpolate over Information Technology EssayChange direction is a well planned and organized execution of a process that helps an establishment in transferring from a existing state to a state that is defined to be achieved by the Managers of the system. Change management process involves studying the present carcass of the organization, analyzing the pros and cons of the present System and Planning Changes accordingly. This deviate can be achieved by Implementing Change management Procedures like Automation etc. This Involves Planning of the Change management Process and Using a relevant technology to devour the Change Management.Conceptualizing sortIssues of assortmentIn the present business world Change has become a mandatory tool for an organization to sustain in the market no matter whether the organization is small, medium or large. Todays organizational success depends on identifying key areas of transport, what tools to be use for implementing the change to these key areas and how good changes are implemented. Managers of the organization play a key role in implementing the change management, the reason being change management can see many serious issues arising internally within the organization or bug outside the organization i.e. in the organizations business. Managers have to properly weigh out all the pros and cons of implementing the Change Management and be lively to handle the issues that arise in the process.Levels of changeAlpha level changeIt is a change in which the changes are make instantly and is done in a proper and an organized way in a confederation. For instance if a change is brought in a single wing it effects the whole society.Beta level changeThis change is known as the level two changes in which the change is proper and is done in step by step process.. The Change is done gradually.Gamma level changeThis three changes is a little bit risky and complex change. It takes a lot of time to imple ment and we are not assured of the consequences.Change is required due to the following Schematic procedures should be implemented intermittently when there is a require for changeInnovative thoughts should be designed and Implemented such that an era of innovative comes into pictureEffective means of communication to represent the change skill of the desired state through the innovative teamForce field analysisA force field analysis is a very useful technique to use when you are considering any type of change in which people are involved. This is analysis is very use full when we want to implement a new product or new serv trash.In terms of Kurt Lewin the things that can used instead are Find out the balance of exponent involved in issueFind out the boons and banes of the change.Know near the restraining forces and driving forcesThe ways of the supra model are described as follows identify the current state and desired state.Knowing analysis the current situation related to p roposed change.Interrogate and discuss all the forces.For each force allocate gobs using a numeric scale which are weak and potent for example extremely week=1 and extremely strong=7.Tells about the forces by putting them on driving force on to the left right..Kurt lewins model of changeKurt lewins theory consists of three phases namelyUnfreezingChangeRefreezingSteps involved in unfreeze areThe first step involves preparing the organization to understand and accept that the change has to take place.There should entertain from senior management team of organization. primp up a necessitate changeTo achieve the required vision of change communication is required.Alert of any remarks and doubts among the employees.Steps involved in change areDiscussing among the changes and plans that are to be implemented to attain better benefits and results thus preparing each and every individual against the change that is to be implemented.Instantly solve the problems and arrest secrecy.For di fferent techniques and strategies that are to be implemented there should be proper gathering.The main idea of the theme is to achieve better results in a piffling run.RefreezeWe should dissect on the boons and banes of the organization.We should co-operate with the present authority, make a sketch of accurate organizational skeleton and should have an eye on the things going around plaque should provide proper training and keep updating everything.The occurrence of a fail?There is monitoring by the senior teamThe management at the middle level oppose the change.Improper analysis a design or a sketch and unity.There is no proper team management. short-staffed use of the IT resources.Low communication skills.Poor performance management.If there is no appropriate managementCalling for a changeSystem model changeSeven -s model is the following that is used to know about the company and its accuracy. It shows the seven elements they are as follows.styleskillssystems,strategystructures hared determine andstaff.For all the seven -s to be affective the company should have a high degree. every the seven-s are interconnected so if there is single change it would affect the others correspondingly. We can just focus on the one required topic separately rather than all others. Hence for any organization to build up boosted up it requires all the seven elements.The first 3 elements involves the hardware of organization the other four elements involves software to use a computer based analogy. have all the elements they depart provide a managerial system that each and every element should be managed by manager itself.Shared valuesAll the seven -s are interconnected to each other. They are generally known as super goals. They are the companys general guiding rules and concepts. Generally any company is identified by the values. The values that are usd are some(prenominal) implicit and explicit.StructureStructure the name itself tells us that it monitors with the think s that are present it. It describes about the power structure of the organization and the division of the roles among different people.SystemsIt generally involves with the different flow of operations that include the raw process and the system support. These generally consist of capital allocation, management system and business system.StrategyIt is a technique which an organization chooses to move ahead in the mean future. To reach to its destination.StyleStyle generally consists about the managerial behavior that are followed in fulfilling the goals and tell how they spend the time. It not only tells about the organizations way that supports the employees but also tells about them in the out side world.SkillsIt tells about the organizations different strategies that are followed.StaffIt describes about the peoples mind set, integrated, trained, and how they are convinced in molding their careers.The above described elements are blatantly related to one another, and by changing o ne of them effects the other. So if we want to make a change to one of the model it is important that we analyze all the models and the concepts.6. Change issue related to personal experienceIntroductionCompleting my UG in India, my future ambition was to pursue my masters for any reputed artless as my fate was good I have been to UK to do my masters. In the mean while mean of my processing towards the UK I have been placed in a company. In which I was a software developer.. My team was a batch of the people that was including me and my seniors at my work. We all together worked on a flip that relates to allocating staff quarters for a company named NIA(New India Insurance).It was a newly established company and deals with the IT out sourcingChanging manual process to automated process in the first place Staff Quarter Allotment has been automated, New India Assurance had followed a manual process For Staff Quarter Allotment which involves Filling Staff Quarters details on a pape r by the applicants and going to their Head Office and Submitting the application. There after the application ordain be sent for approval to the refer Department, once the application is approved a written letter is sent to Employee Giving the details of Staff Quarters that is allotted to him.This entire process used to take around 30-45 days as there are around 10000 employees in the Organization.But with the automation of this process, The Staff Quarter Allotment would be completed in 2-3 days.Employees Fill in an online Staff Quarter Application and submit it then the application is routed to his administrator immediately for approval and the moment executive director approves the Application the application status is updated on the application and the employee can see the status on his application. As this entire process is online so it is advantageous to both the employees and the Organization as it saves allotment time to a great extent and it also removes all the tedious manual approach as well as maintaining data on paper which can be lost anytime. The allotment process would be transparent to users as well as the management.Issues of change hesitation from UsersWe have faced few issues from the users as they were reluctant to use Staff Quarter online Facility provide by us since the users are not aware of the online process. We had to train users to use the online staff Quarter Allotment Application but we have faced a big reluctance from the users as they were not cosy using the online system.2) Reluctance from administratorsAdministrators were very reluctant to follow online process for Staff Quarters Allotment since online system clearly exposes transparency involved in manual process. The Word Transparency here deserves a bit of explanation here. The Administrators can use malpractices for approving Staff Quarters Applications. Malpractices include bribing, bias towards applicants, etc..But because of the strong management support we got from New India Assurance we were able to conduct the training for users and to our surprise the users really shown a great interest in training when we explained them the advantages of online system over manual process. we were finally successful in completing the user training on a high note.This task wouldnt have been possible without support from New India Assurance management team and combined team effort of our developers, trainer and team leader.Level of changeBeta level changeThe above changes are done in s step by step process and cannot be implemented in a single stretch. When compared to this change in my organization all the changes were made in an step by step process.Force field analysisDriving forcesImportance presumptuousness to individuals ideasThere should be good relation between the higher officials and staffSupport from the higher officialsInterest shown by all the members to adopt changeRestraining forcesNot clearly intellectual the changeDomination or leadershipP oor communication between employees and managementThere should be a proper plan for a change.Lewins ice cube modelUnfreezingTo analyses and understand the concepts properly.To attain a change new ideas should be implementedThe idea should be agreed by members in organizationAll the team members should work collectively.The design should be in a proper wayChangeDiscuss about what is to be done and that to be implemented for the future and its boons and banes on them.Keep all the things in disguise.The company has to make a gathering at regular intervals.It hs to make up a bench mark in every role it plays.RefreezeThe plan was implemented to modify the view for each any every person in the companyWe need to first take care of the hurdles and put them downWe are to get trained for all the required things.To achieve a change we developed elegant waysProper help is to be extended by the head.Model of system changeShared valuesThe organization will perform it process according to the requ irements, beliefs and expectations.StructureTo achieve a change each and every task is properly structured and all be given equal chances and activities.StyleThe manager should support making decisions, spending more time he should properly behave towards his employees.StaffThe staffs who will work for a change in organization are employees, trainer and managing director.StrategyTo achieve organization goal efforts should properly done by management and employees.SkillsThe organization will show the better performance when change is implemented for example as quality levels are increased.SystemsOrganization involves information management system, business system and actions done by day to dayConclusionChange in our rganization is clearly explained as according to related theory. I came to know that different models used in above like kurts lewins model, system model, force field analysis plays a vital role. The majority aspects like meetings, communicating with employees, regular fe edbacks, needs for change are managed in a proper way this lead to an great and victorious organization

How Factors Perpetuate Violent Crimes Against Women Criminology Essay

How Factors Perpetuate Violent Crimes Against Wo manpower Criminology EssayThis essay depart examine how individual, hearty, and cultural factors ca occasion and perpetuate violent crimes against wowork force. These terce elements permit created a sexual urgeed inverse motive resemblance with in society that permeates into a multiplicity of hearty phenomenon and in fact has been the primary factors in constructing the order of power with in society. Through individual, social, and cultural factors, power maximization has survive increasingly more complex with in humankind civilizations. These complexities be due to a yield of different social factors that influence humans on an individual and collective scale. This essay is a brief composition summarizing manful aggression against fe potent victims, in particular knowledgeable violence and physical assaults, that attempt to reinforce the inverse power relation amid the two genders. First, a brief background from a co nstructionist prospect will be presented to convince the reader of the severity of sexual violence and physical assaults. Then this essay will explore individual, social, and cultural theories that attempt to beg off the causes of violent crimes against women. Fin eithery, this essay will argue that when in that respect is genuine equality between females and males, gender crime will decrease.Within the social sciences, especially with statistical reporting, there is much controversy on the frequency and severity of this almost one-way street in gender violence. According to Harway and ONeil (1999, p. 5) approximately three to quaternary million women are victims of gender violence apiece year in the United States. However, because the majority of femalesexual assault victims know their assailants, the victim is a great deal too scared or embarrassed to report the crime and thus the likelihood of prosecution decreases (Jones 2006, p. 443). Statistics reflect only crimes repor ted to the law. So therefore, Harway and ONeils (1999, p. 5) approximation of three to four million female victims a year may be an underestimate. One study even suggests that fewer than 30% of rape crimes are reported to the police force (Rennison 2009). Prior to the 1970s, the law required substantial evidence of an alleged rape in corroboration with a convincing testimony because of the common belief that women ofttimes wrongly reported being sexuallyassaulted as a form of retribution against a man. Although the law has changed and this belief is not as common in todays society, sexualassault victims often feel stigmatized by the thought of not having enough proof to convict an assailant, leaving them to feel embarrassed about the casualty of having a testimony rejected in court (Rennison 2009). Also prior to the 1970s feminist movement, gender inequalities were much more overt and explicit and it falsely asserted that males are superior to females (Henslin J. 2006, pp. 264-2 47). This paradigm has constructed a social relationship between females and males in every aspect of life that can still be identified today. That is because it has encapsulated all social institutions, including politics, civil life, and economics, among others.Patriarchy, a society in which authority is vested in males, is a near universal human phenomenon that develops adversarial relationships between genders (Kottak 1997, p. 241). These patriarchic societies allow for the socialization of a distorted gender-role that has historically resulted in gender oppression, denial of basic human pays, and crime against women (White Haines 2008, p. 108). It can, therefore, be concluded that because patriarchy has become a norm in society, sexism and inverse power relations among the genders are, for the most part, imperceptible and near universal (ed. Cunneen 2008, pp. 291-302). Anthropologists and evolutionary psychologists postulate widely agreed that there is substantial evidence f rom proto-humans and other primates that male sexual coercion and female resistance to it suggest that sexual conflicts underlie patriarchy (Smuts 1995, pp. 1-32).With this in mind, it is plain that adversarial relationships between genders are deeply rooted into human biology, human evolutionary past, and is reflected in the coeval construct of culture. Although this may be confessedly, genetics and evolutionary processes all do not dictate human choice. However, genetics and evolutionary processes have universally constructed culture, which in turn impose norms on how humans interact with each other, which includes sexual violence and physical assaults (Smuts 1995, pp. 1-32).The manner in which culture has been constructed and the common patterns of behavior in society is a major cause of criminal sexual make out, overarching all other supposititious explanations. The adversarial relationship between genders is extremely complex andmultiple levels of explanations are necessa ry to link developmental and biological characteristics, personalities, sub-cultural variations, and economics, social, political, and community dimensions (Miller 1996, p. 208).Although it is measurable to examine this social problem from multiple theoretical perspectives, because of the brevity of this essay, I will only elaborate on constructionism, feminism, and social eruditeness theory.Feminist sociologists have frequently used constructivism, symbolic interactionism and conflict theory to explain violence against women. Feminism fundamentally argues that there is a structural and institutional division between genders, including unequal pay, education, and legal and political inequalities, among others. Interactionist feminists argue that men are socialized to display strength and virility but because there is an inverse power relation among the genders, men turn violent against women (Henslin 2006, p. 273-274). Research has supported this theory by explaining that aggressi ve men who seek power dominance accept the sorts that characterize women as timid and passive, which make them an ideal rate (White Haines 2008, p. 124). Feminists that have used conflict theory to explain criminal sexual conduct argue that because men are losing dominate power in society, some men turn violently against women as a way to reassert their declining power (Henslin 2006, p. 273-274). While other feminists use conflict theory to explain that, the structural system of a society and its norms reflect the interests and values of the powerful elite, which are primarily men (White Haines 2008, p. 91). Because these norms favor patriarchy, male intra-group coalition is maintained, ca employ out-group enmity and prevents women from obtaining an equal social position. Therefore, crimes that target females are the result of social and cultural patterns of maintaining that inverse power relation between the genders (ed. Cunneen 2008, pp.291-302). This fallaciously reinforces t he stereotype that women cannot achieve positions of power and are easy targets.Social learning theory assumes that deviant behavior is acquired through new knowledge or through musing of others behaviors, preferences, or values (Ellis 1989 Akers, R. 2009). Social learning theory in any case examines reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioral and environmental determinants (Bandura 1977, vii). Many proponents of this theory argue that learning is greatly influenced by the people whom an individual decides to differentially associate with, regardless if the interaction occurs directly or indirectly, because people tend to imitate others. This is especially true when there are little or no social consequences (Ellis 1989 Akers, R. 2009). Male aggression against women is thought to be sustained through various forms of intermittent documentation from various sources. For example, family members and peers, an individuals culture and subculture, and the mass media may all co ntribute by teaching methods of expressing aggression, which was then followed by little or no social stigmatization (Ellis 1989, pp. 12-14). A sexual aggressor, therefore, may associate sex and violence by learning from sources such as violent pornography and then attempt to nonplus those rape scenes or other acts of violence against women and then expect little or no consequences (Ellis 1989, pp. 12-14).This paper has thus far translated a brief over-view of social constructionist, feminist, and social learning theory perspectives. Now, this paper will describe the social impacts and social responses to violence against women. Many of the points that will be presented will come from the utter theories to further substantiate their position when dealing with violence against women. Social responses from feminists have particularly been a vigorous voice against female victimization. Gendered crimes have an extensive start out of social impacts and consequences, which includes reinforcing male dominance in society, gender inequalities and stratification, and generational consequences, among others.From this authors perspective, the definition of violent crime against women, such as rape and physical assault, is legal in that it is a violation of a semi-universal federal state law and it is natural because it is a violation of human consciousness and basic human rights. As a response to the global phenomenon of gendered crimes, the legal etymology of violence against women has changed dramatically over time from different nations to different states (Fulcher, Alesha, Emily 2008). For example, prior to the feminist movement in the 1970s, in all U.S. states, laws exempted a husband from being prosecuted for forcing their spouse to have sex against their will. Modern laws now include sexual assault and spousal abuse, regardless of who the assailant and victim is (Fulcher, et al. 2008). The United Nations (1993) has defined violence against women as,any act o f gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or scummy to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life.This, in a very general sense, characterizes the contemporary consensus of the global society on the issue of violence against women.These positive changes, however, have not been met with widespread positive consequences. As mentioned earlier, some feminist theorists argue that because men are losing dominate power in society, some men turn violently against women as a way to reassert their declining power (Henslin 2006, p. 273-274). In fact, ONeil and Harway (1999) postulate that recent changes in gender equality have produced a fear in some men that the natural order of society is being repressed. These men defend what they think is a defining quality of manhood through verbal aggression and violence in an attempt to preserve thei r natural right over women. Patriarchal values and beliefs about male dominance and female subordination reinforce a gender inverse power relation that permeates into a multiplicity of social phenomenon.The World Health Organization (2009) has concluded Violence against women is a major public health problem and a violation of human rights. When aggressive men violate women to maintain their sexist advantage women may display eating disorders, depression, passivity, submission, feelings of inferiority, dependence, and sacrificing personal needs for others (Nutt 1999, pp. 117-134). These feeling restrict women from seeking stand by and prevent them from leaving an abusive relationship. As the aggressive-submissive behaviors continue, women internalize oppression, which results in mental, sexual, reproductive, and maternal health problems (Nutt 1999, pp. 117-134 The World Health Organization 2009). These feelings also restrict women from taking risks, for example schoolman achievem ents, career progression, asking for a salary increase, and socialization. These feelings perpetuate the problem because of the continued dependence on an abusive spouse (Nutt 1999, pp. 117-134). However, there is a strong association between status inconsistency, status incompatibility, and gendered abuse. Thus, a woman may increase her chances of abuse if she obtains greater occupational, academic, or financial achievements than her male counterpart does. many men believe that a successful woman has usurped their natural dominant position inwardly the family and so they attempt to reassert their dominance by using violence or coercion (Gelles 1999 pp. 36-48). So therefore, some men will continue to be violence, regardless if a woman is successful or submissive.Since the 1970s, the academic community has valuably contributed to appropriate response and prevention methods to decreasing mens violence against women. However, because of the sensitivity and deeply rooted nature of pat riarchy and sexism, it is rather difficult to significantly diminish criminal sexual and abusive conduct. There is a rather long list of prevention methods suggested by the academic community and to be most telling they must all work in corroboration with each other. These methods include, but are not limited to deinstitutionalization of patriarchy (Marin Russo 1999, pp. 18-35) academic, employment, financial equality for women (Nutt 1999, pp. 117-134) examination of how police handle domestic crime (Radford, Stanko 1989) examination of how medical and psychological practitioners handle treatment (Feder L. 1999) education of young children (O Neil Harway 1999 pp. 207-241) governments legal response (Ferraro 1989, pp. 155-184 Office of the status of women 1995) and the beef up of women-women social collaboration (Silverstein 1999, pp. 81-83). This essay will briefly cover the deinstitutionalization of patriarchy, education of school-aged children, and governments legal response in more detail.As mentioned earlier, patriarchal values back up all criminal sexual and abusive conduct, in so much that it may seem to some to be a part of everyday life. Eliminating male violence against females requires the elimination of a culture that buildes authority in males and prevents equal authority in females. O Neil and Harway (1999, p. 240) suggests that the old masculine paradigm can be replaced with new values, such as healthy emotionality, non-competitive relationships, empathy for others, friendships, and new concepts of power. Strengthening alliances between women and men will help both genders take responsibility for their actions and resist the slipway of the old paradigm.Because violence against women is a societal problem that influences everyone, community consultation, combined with discursive democracy and a cross-government approach, can be an effective method to target specific communal problems by reducing gender-based violence. Public discussion an d debate are an indispensable method to raise awareness of the scale of the problem within the community. This will also build confidence in women that this issue is being addressed and dealt with proactively within their community (O Neil and Harway 1999, pp. 238-240). One technique the community consultation political program can implement is designing school programs that educate children on how interpersonal violence occurs, its consequences, and prevention. These children may learn how to counter current gender stereotypes portrayed in the media and pop-culture. To encourage diversity, the community consultation program should seek out the opinions and advise from school-aged children (O Neil and Harway 1999, pp. 238-240).Governments should be engage with all sectors of society to minimize criminal sexual conduct and violence against women, which includes providing information, community grants and medical care for victims, being involved in community engagement and specific s ocial projects, and conduct legislative reforms that support gender equality. The British government has exerting a program that compels all governmental administrations into action in efforts to prevent violence against women (HM Government 2009). One of the programs preventive methods includes special discipline and services so that police, prosecutors, courts, protective services and intervention programs are able to work together to reduce violence against women. Another aspect of the program is to establish a sexual assault referral center in every police station that can provide medical care, counseling, and gather forensic evidence. This model also includes efforts to reduce the demand for prostitution and overall make public space safer for women. It is vitally necessary that all governments implement federal and state programs, similar to this one, in attempt to reduce violence against women on a national and international scale. Only a collective effort will be successful .As social scientists continue to provide information and explanations for male aggression and violence against female victims, the more people will accept that there is a genuine equality between females and males. As there is a growing concern and awareness for this issue, more community interventions will be created and government legal changes and policy initiatives will continue to address the problem more affectively. As a result, sexual violence, physical assaults, and psychological abuse against women should degrees. This essay has provided a brief overview from multiple theoretical perspectives on the causation of male aggression and violence against female victims. It has also examined historical through contemporary responses and impacts of female victimization. Then this essay introduced a contemporary case study from Britain that has utilized specific prevention methods. The reoccurring theme has emphasized that only a collective effort among academics, community member s, professionals, and the government will provide a successful outcome in preventing male violence against women.

Polonius is a Good Father in Hamlet :: essays research papers

I agree with the control that Polonius, adviser in the court of King Claudius of Denmark, is a effective father who desires what is best for his children. Although he whitethorn be a fussy and overcautious sr. man, Polonius constantly gives good advice and his best wishes to both his children, Laertes and Ophelia. Before Laertes is ab bug out to go to France, Polonius run outs to him and tells him all of his good advice. While Polonius tells Laertes all of his good advice, he says, My favor with thee (I.iii.61). This statement shows that Polonius really wants Laertes to be successful when he goes to France. Polonius says, Beware of entrance to a quarrel, (I.iii.69) because he wants him to be safe. Polonius wants Laertes to stay out of trouble, and to be friendly with everyone he meets. Another point Polonius wants to make is that it is better to listen than to talk. Give every man thy ear, but a few(prenominal) thy voice (I.iii.72). Polonius believes that it is better to liste n too much than to talk too much, because sometimes people who talk too much get into trouble, and others dont alike them. Whereas, people who listen more than they talk rarely have others who dont like them and they dont get into much trouble. Another counselling Polonius tells Laertes to stay out of trouble is when he says, neither a borrower nor a lender be (I.iii.80). This is important because sometimes when things are borrowed, the lender will get touchy that the borrower didnt return when it was needed or the borrower finished part of it. Even when it is an accident, it is still better to not borrow or lend anything from anyone just in case one person has a slight temper. Polonius lastly and most importantly tells Laertes, This above all to thine own self be true. This is good advice because if people are not true to themselves, then they outhouset really be true to anyone else. Polonius believes that Laertes should have enough self-respect to be true to himself.The p anache that Polonius acts as a good father towards Ophelia is by and large how he doesnt want her to get hurt by Hamlet. Ophelia tells Polonius all about what Hamlet has tell and given her. She tells her father that Hamlet gives her presents and tells her nice things out of affection.Polonius is a Good Father in Hamlet essays research papers I agree with the statement that Polonius, adviser in the court of King Claudius of Denmark, is a good father who desires what is best for his children. Although he may be a fussy and overcautious old man, Polonius constantly gives good advice and his best wishes to both his children, Laertes and Ophelia. Before Laertes is about to go to France, Polonius talks to him and tells him all of his good advice. While Polonius tells Laertes all of his good advice, he says, My blessing with thee (I.iii.61). This statement shows that Polonius really wants Laertes to be successful when he goes to France. Polonius says, Beware of entrance to a quarrel, ( I.iii.69) because he wants him to be safe. Polonius wants Laertes to stay out of trouble, and to be friendly with everyone he meets. Another point Polonius wants to make is that it is better to listen than to talk. Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice (I.iii.72). Polonius believes that it is better to listen too much than to talk too much, because sometimes people who talk too much get into trouble, and others dont like them. Whereas, people who listen more than they talk rarely have others who dont like them and they dont get into much trouble. Another way Polonius tells Laertes to stay out of trouble is when he says, Neither a borrower nor a lender be (I.iii.80). This is important because sometimes when things are borrowed, the lender will get mad that the borrower didnt return when it was needed or the borrower ruined part of it. Even when it is an accident, it is still better to not borrow or lend anything from anyone just in case one person has a short temper. Polonius las tly and most importantly tells Laertes, This above all to thine own self be true. This is good advice because if people are not true to themselves, then they cant really be true to anyone else. Polonius believes that Laertes should have enough self-respect to be true to himself.The way that Polonius acts as a good father towards Ophelia is mostly how he doesnt want her to get hurt by Hamlet. Ophelia tells Polonius all about what Hamlet has said and given her. She tells her father that Hamlet gives her presents and tells her nice things out of affection.

Use of Graphic Novels in Teaching Coming of Age :: coming of age theme

Teaching a unit based around the theme of coming of board is important in an adolescentclassroom. It has been taught in amply school language arts time and time again. Comingof age works makes up a large part of the literary rule including works like TheAdventure of Huckleberry Finn, Catcher in the Rye, A Separate Peace, etc. Additionally,this theme is important because the puerile students in the classroom are essentiallygoing through their own coming of age. They are currently making the difficult transitionout of childhood into adulthood. Students give be able to touch to literature that focuseson a coming of age invoice more easily than to other works of literature. This willencourage students to be more alive(p) participants in classroom discussions andresponding to the texts. It also allows students to apply the things that they hornswoggle fromliterature to their own lives and struggles growing up. I would argue that this is adept of themost important things that t eachers of literature apprise hope for. In this unit on coming ofage, the two primary texts will be To Kill a mocker by Harper lee and the graphic raw Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi.To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee has become genius of the most widely taughtbooks in the high school classroom. In some classrooms, teachers make use of only apartial interpretation of the novel that focuses on racial evil. While this is a meaning(a) theme in the novel and is absolutely one that should be taught, it is not themain theme of the novel. To Kill a Mockingbird tells the story of this racial injusticethrough the perspective of a child. It is the story of the coming of age of the narrator,Scout. According to Theodore Hipple in Will the Real Mockingbird Please Stand Up?(1969), the novel also tells the story of the growth of Jem as he loses his childhoodinnocence while he moves toward adulthood. By facial expression at the novel as a coming of ageof two children, students will be better ab le to relate to the work than they would if theyread it as a piece on racial injustice. However, students will still be able to learn about thehistorical social injustice that is portrayed in the novel. This is a good way for students tolearn about how the society they live in was shaped. To Kill a Mockingbird is a coming ofage story that holds a place in the literary canon and is a significant historical account ofUse of Graphic Novels in Teaching Coming of grow coming of age themeTeaching a unit based around the theme of coming of age is important in an adolescentclassroom. It has been taught in high school language arts time and time again. Comingof age works makes up a large part of the literary canon including works like TheAdventure of Huckleberry Finn, Catcher in the Rye, A Separate Peace, etc. Additionally,this theme is important because the teenage students in the classroom are essentiallygoing through their own coming of age. They are currently making the difficult tra nsitionout of childhood into adulthood. Students will be able to relate to literature that focuseson a coming of age story more easily than to other works of literature. This willencourage students to be more active participants in classroom discussions andresponding to the texts. It also allows students to apply the things that they learn fromliterature to their own lives and struggles growing up. I would argue that this is one of themost important things that teachers of literature can hope for. In this unit on coming ofage, the two primary texts will be To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee and the graphicnovel Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi.To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee has become one of the most widely taughtbooks in the high school classroom. In some classrooms, teachers make use of only apartial interpretation of the novel that focuses on racial injustice. While this is asignificant theme in the novel and is absolutely one that should be taught, it is not themain theme of the novel. To Kill a Mockingbird tells the story of this racial injusticethrough the perspective of a child. It is the story of the coming of age of the narrator,Scout. According to Theodore Hipple in Will the Real Mockingbird Please Stand Up?(1969), the novel also tells the story of the growth of Jem as he loses his childhoodinnocence while he moves toward adulthood. By looking at the novel as a coming of ageof two children, students will be better able to relate to the work than they would if theyread it as a piece on racial injustice. However, students will still be able to learn about thehistorical social injustice that is portrayed in the novel. This is a good way for students tolearn about how the society they live in was shaped. To Kill a Mockingbird is a coming ofage story that holds a place in the literary canon and is a significant historical account of

Native American Religion Essay -- Native American Culture

When Europeans first set foot upon the shores of what is now the United States they brought with them a social structure which was fundamentally based around their concept and understanding of Western European Christianity. That the indigenous peoples might already have a well-to-do civilization, including religious beliefs and practices, that closely paralleled the beliefs and practices of European civilization, was a concept not considered by these early explorers and settlers. This European lack of cultural understanding created tensions, between immanent Americans and Europeans, and by and by between Native Americans and Euro-Americans, that eventually erupted into open warfare and resulted in great bloodshed between cultures. For the Lakota peoples of North America, cultural misunderstanding culminated with Euro-American misinterpretation of the purpose of the Native American Ghost Dance with its related religious beliefs and the massacre of peaceful Native American Lakota p eople as they were attempting to flee to the safety of the Agency at Pine Ridge Reservation near Wounded Knee Creek in what is now the state of South Dakota. When contact was made with indigenous peoples, Europeans find that the languages of the indigenous peoples did not include words for worship or for God as Europeans understood these concepts. These Europeans considered themselves a civilized and pious people who lived according to the slipway and teachings of the Christian Bible and believed that this was the only proper and correct code of conduct. Believing that the lack of Native American words to identify and describe God and religion meant that these concepts did not exist within the culture and society of the indigenous peoples, the European... ...itor footnote be 8, Joseph Epes Brown, The Sacred Pipe Black Elks Account of the septet Rites of the Oglala Sioux, (Norman University of Oklahoma Press, 1989), 6. Editor footnote number 9, Joseph Epes Brown, The Sacre d Pipe Black Elks Account of the Seven Rites of the Oglala Sioux, (Norman University of Oklahoma Press, 1989), 6. Editor footnote number 9, Joseph Epes Brown, The Sacred Pipe Black Elks Account of the Seven Rites of the Oglala Sioux, (Norman University of Oklahoma Press, 1989), 6. Colin G. Calloway, First Peoples, (Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2008), 306. Ibid., 310. Ibid., 313. Ibid., 340. Colin G. Calloway, First Peoples, (Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2008), 312. Gregory E. Smoak, ghost dances and identity, (Berkeley University of California Press, 2008), 154. Ibid., 114. Ibid., 120. Ibid., 114.

Disability Worldwide Essay -- Health, Diseases

INTRODUCTIONWhen a person is growing inside of the womb, he or she automatically possess grotesque gifts or talents that could potentially change the way of life. Blessed with all their beautiful bodily features that operate towards perfection, love and acceptance from their families, peer groups, and communities surround them. They gain respect as individuals and can make their own decisions in life. However, that is non the case with all people. Some were born with one or no limbs, and they cannot function properly without assistance. Others with maven abnormalities, body disfigurement, and etcetera. Instead of earning respect from their community, they are targets for alienation, abuse, and social stigmatization. Disability is something they cannot rid themselves of It is a part of them. The main goal of the disabled is for their communities to accept them as unique individuals. DEFINITION OF DISABILITYDisability is best defined as a state of being disabled deprivation or want of ability absence of competent physical, intellectual, or moral power, means, fitness, and the like (Webster Multilingual Dictionary, 2006). Not all disabilities resulted in birth accidents or illnesses are one of the other reasons.LEVETICUS 2117-23 scriptural CONCEPT How does the bible interpret disability? In one passage referred to as Leviticus, the Lord spokeSpeak to Aaron, saying No creation of your descendants in succeeding generations, who has any defect, may approach to offer the bread of his God. For any man who has a defect shall not approach a man blind or lame, who has a marred face or broken hand, or is hunchback or a dwarf, or a man who has a defect in his eye, or eczema or scab is an eunuch. No descendant of ... ...m from the center because they felt that it was not of use to him and his mother was home from the hospital to assist for him. Nick told the staff that he spends the majority of his time in the bedroom and is carried upstairs without his wheelchair. Hi s social worker has made many attempts to see Nick, but to no avail. Although the social worker and staff show great concern over Nicks welfare, there was nothing they could do to assist him because he was no longer a minor and he had to be the one to make a complaint about his care or request alternative support arrangements.Despite the rules and regulations, some were meant to be broken in cases like this. It was as if the agency turned a blind eye to the situation or could not go beyond their job description. If the organizations, agencies, or families could or would not assist them, where else can they turn to?